Electrolytic Capacitors
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ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS www.yageo.com RoHS Compliant ISO-9001:2000 CERTIFIED

MINIATURE ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS 27 S5 [ For Super Miniature ] 1,000hrs. at 105°C 29 SS [ For Super Miniature ] 1,000hrs. at 105°C 31 SK [ For General ] 2,000hrs. at 85°C 36 SE-K [ For General ] 1,000hrs. at 105°C 41 SH [ For General ] 2,000hrs. at 105°C 45 SG [ Electronic Ballast ] 5,000hrs. at 105°C 48 SP [ Miniature and Long Life ] 10,000hrs. at 105°C 50 SB [ For Low Leakage Current ] 1,000hrs. at 105°C 54 SN [ For Non-Polar ] 1,000hrs. at 105°C 58 SR [ For Horizontal Deflection ] 1,000hrs. at 105°C 60 SC [ Low Impedance and Low ESR Suitable for Motherboard Output Termination ]...

4 Please note the following recommendations when using capacitors: 1. When using Electrolytic capacitors on DC applications, polarization is required as well as the confirmation of the polarity of the course. Otherwise, the circuit life may be shortened or the capacitor may be damaged by the insertion on reverse polarity. Use non-polar capacitors on those circuits with occasionally reverse polarity or unknown polarity. Also note that do not use electrolytic capacitors for AC applications. 2. Do not apply a voltage exceeding the capacitor rated voltage, that will cause the capacitor be...

5 The Material and Structure of Electrolytic Capacitors Electrolytic Capacitor is a simple module. It simply contains an insulator between relative conductors in an electrode. The major internal raw material contains an element constructed by an separator paper wrap around the anode foil and cathode foil, which is then impregnated with the electrolyte, inserted into an aluminum case and sealed. Production Processes 1. Etching: The process to increase surface area of aluminum foil by using chemical erosion or chemical corrosion method is called Etching. Normally chemical corrosion method...

6 The Function of Electrolytic Capacitors The electrolytic capacitors could be widely used in appliance (ie. TV, radio, audio equipment, washing machine and air conditioner…etc.), computer equipment (motherboard, image device & the peripherals such as the printer, drawing device, scanner... etc.), communication equipment, estate equipment, measuring instrument and also the industrial instrument, air plane, firebomb, satellite…etc. as a piloting equipment. * According to the inflict electric wave & using purpose, it basically with some classified purposes as below: DC Voltage: 1. For...

7 Capacitance (ESC) The capacitive component of the equivalent series circuit (equivalent series capacitance ESC) is determined by applying an alternate voltage of 0.5V at a frequency of 120 Hz. • Temperature Dependence of the Capacitance The capacitance of an electrolytic capacitor depends on the temperature. With decreasing temperature, the viscosity of the electrolyte increases and reduces its conductivity which leads to the capacitance decrease. Furthermore temperature drifts cause armature dilatation and therefore capacitance changes (up to 20%, depending on the series considered, from...

8 Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) The equivalent series resistance is the resistive component of the equivalent series circuit. The ESR value depends on frequency and temperature and is related to the tan ä by the following equation: The tolerance limits of the rated capacitance must be taken into account when calculating this value. The resistance of the electrolyte decreases strongly with increasing temperature. Impedance (Z) The impedance of an electrolytic capacitor results from below circuit formed by the following individual equivalent series components. Co = Aluminum oxide...

9 The impedance as a function of frequency (sinusoidal waveform) for different temperature values can be represented as follows (typical values): Re is the most temperature dependant component of electrolytic capacitor equivalent circuit. The electrolyte resistivity will decrease when the temperature rises. In order to obtain a low impedance value in all temperature range. Re must be as little as possible, but too low Re values means a very aggressive electrolyte and a shorter life of the electrolytic capacitor at the high temperatures. A compromise must be reached. Leakage Current (L.C.)...

10 Short Circuit Open Circuit Leakage Current Increase Open Vent Electrolyte Leakage Capacitance Drop tanä (ESR) Increase Failure Modes Internal Causes Primary Factors Mismanaged Production Mishandled Application Unavoidable Factors in Normal Service Short Circuit Between Electrodes Burred Foil / Metal Particle Local Deficiency in Oxide Layer Contamination by Chloride Excessive Thermal Stress Excessive Operating Voltage Reverse Voltage Excessive Ripple Current Excessive Charge-Discharge Duty Dielectrical Break of Oxide Layer Dielectrical Break of Separator Disconnection of Terminal...

11 Environmental and Mounting Conditions Please make sure the environmental and mounting conditions are compliant with their specifications in this catalog. Operating Temperature, Equivalent Series Resistance(ESR), Ripple Current and Load Life MTTF(Mean-Time-To-Failure) means the useful life at room temperature 25ºC 1. Load Life (L0) If the capacitor's max. operating temperature is at 105 ºC (85ºC), then after applying capacitor's rated voltage (WV) for L0 hours at 10ºC (85ºC), the capacitor shall meet the requirements in detail specification. where L0 is called "load life" or "useful life...

12 CIRCUIT DESIGN Conditions of Use Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors must not be used under the following conditions: 1. When capacitors expose to high humidity or humidity condensation situation such as water or saltwater spray, oil spray, steam. 2. When capacitors are exposed to toxic gases such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfurous acid, nitrous acid, chlorine, ammonium... etc. 3. When capacitors are exposed to ozone, ultraviolet rays and radiation. 4. When severe vibration or shock occurs and exceeds the conditions specified in the catalog or datasheet. 5. Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors...