Harmonic Filter Tutorial
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1 MTE CORPORATION Effects of Harmonics IEEE -519 Solutions O O O Harmonic Filters for Power Conversion Equipment(Drives, rectifiers, etc) Harmonics Tutorial >

2 15711131719 00.10.20.30.4 0.50.60.70.80.91 Harmonic SpectrumFor normal balanced system ASD MTE CORPORATION Input current Harmonics Tutorial Power Conversion Equipment can save energy and control motors, heaters, etc, But they may also cause harmonic distortion ASD = Adjustable Speed Drive >

3 1= 60hz5= 300hz 7= 420hz 11= 660hz 13= 780hz 17= 1020hz For 60hz Power System Harmonic Number MTE CORPORATION 6pulse rectifiers 13579111315170102030405060708090100 Can cause excessive peak current > Magnitude (% of Fundamental) % THID Harmonics Tutorial Typical Harmonic Distortion- THID = Total Harmonic Current Distortion Typical VFD 1 -20 HP > 100 %25 -40 HP80 -100 % 50 -150 HP 60 -80 % 200 HP up 50 -70 % >

8 MTE CORPORATION will be greater at this point in the systemIEEE-519 limit is higher at this point L PCC per IEEE -519 ՕIsc / I PCC = At Point of Metering, or PCC = Point Where Non-Linear Load Meets Linear Loads O O Harmonics Tutorial >

9 MTE CORPORATION IEEE -519 When demand current is known ՕTypically based on motor FLAWhen demand current is not known TDD = Magnitude of harmonic distortion as a percent of maximum demand current THD = Instantaneous value of harmonic distortion O O Harmonics Tutorial >

10 MTE CORPORATION IEEE-519 Harmonic Voltage Distortion Limits 3%THVD -Hospitals, Airports 5%THVD -General Systems 10%THVD -Dedicated Systems Harmonics Tutorial O O O >

11 Use 5% impedance Line Reactors ASD MTE CORPORATION RLӔ Reactor Input current MTE Line Reactors Reduce Harmonics and Improve the Input Current Waveform Harmonics Tutorial >

14 Any 6-pulseVFD Matrix Filter Circuit Configuration MTE CORPORATION Standard Matrix Filter For 12-Pulse Performance Standard InputPower Harmonics Tutorial 12% THIDGuaranteed at filter input < >

15 Worst Case Matrix Filters Typical > 180300420 54066078090010201140 Harmonic spectrum 0%1%2%3%4%5%6%7% Standard 12% THID guaranteed at any load MTE CORPORATION Worst Case Percent Load Typical % THID vs Load 8% typical at full load, < Harmonic Distortion for 6-pulse Rectifier with 02 46810 120102030406080100 < > Percent THD Harmonics Tutorial >

16 Worst Case Typical 12% Filter Voltage Distortion100% Load & 5.75% Source or 10% > 180300 420540660 780 9001020 1140 5% 0.00%0.20%0.40%0.60%0.80%1.00%1.20%1.40% Matrix Filter MTE CORPORATION Worst Case Standard Typical IEEE-519 limits are 3%, 12% Filter Voltage Distortion100% Load & 1.5% Source 0.80% THVD2.20% THVD > 180300420540660 78090010201140 W/1.5% source impedanceW/5.75% source impedance Typical input voltage distortion with Harmonics Tutorial 0.00%0.10%0.20%0.30%0.40%0.50% >

17 Matrix Filters offer cleaner power than 12-pulse rectifiers 12-pulse Rectifier input current waveform at full load and with balanced line voltages Standard MTE CORPORATION 6-pulse VFD with Standard Matrix Filter Harmonics Tutorial 6-pulse Rectifiers with >

19 rectifier MTE CORPORATION Lower harmonic distortion Cleaner waveforms Higher efficiency Guaranteed distortion levels Օ Օ better than 12-pulse Matrix Filters Achieve Matrix filters perform better under real life operating conditions O O Harmonics Tutorial 6-pulse Rectifier with Matrix Filter is >

20 This reactor converts a standard matrix filter to 18-pulse performance 6-pulseVFD MTE CORPORATION Matrix Filter Circuit Configuration For 18-Pulse Performance 18-pulse Alternative Matrix Filter Enhanced Harmonics Tutorial InputPower 8% THIDGuaranteed at filter input < >

21 15711131719 020406080100 VFD Standard6-pulse reduce input current Harmonic Distortion even better than 18-pulse drives MTE CORPORATION Input current Harmonics Tutorial Enhanced Matrix Filters >

22 Worst Case Typical > 180360 5407209001080 8% THID at any load 0%2% 4%6% Matrix Filter MTE CORPORATION Worst Case Percent Load Typical Enhanced % THID vs LoadHarmonic Current Spectrum Harmonic Distortion with 5%THID typical at full load, < 0246810 0102030406080100 < > Percent THD Harmonics Tutorial >

23 Worst Case Typical or 10% 0.60% THVD1.80% THVD 8% Filter Voltage Distortion100% Load & 5.75% Source 5% > 180300420540 660 780 90010201140 0.00%0.20%0.40%0.60%0.80%1.00%1.20% Matrix Filter MTE CORPORATION Worst Case Typical Enhanced Note: IEEE-519 limits are 3%, 8% Filter Voltage Distortion100% Load & 1.5% Source With 1.5% source impedanceWith 5.75% source impedance > 180300 4205406607809001020 1140 Harmonics Tutorial 0.00%0.05%0.10%0.15% 0.20% 0.25%0.30%0.35% Typical input voltage distortion with >

005 24 0045 THiD = 7.54% 004 0035 003 0025 002 0015 001 0005 input current waveform at full load and with balanced line voltages(series bridges, isolation transformer) 00 8 6 4 2 2 2 2 4 6 8 MTE CORPORATION Matrix Filters achieve cleaner power than 18-pulse rectifiers Enhanced Matrix Filter Input current waveform18-pulse Rectifier Harmonics Tutorial Enhanced >

25 Matrix Filter performs better than 18-pulse drive in real life 1% Line UnbalanceBalanced Lines 2%LineUnbalance 3%LineUnbalance Load, % Enhanced 18-Pulse Drive MTE CORPORATION 18 Pulse Drive vs. 6-pulse VFD with Matrix Filter operating conditions 8% Matrix Filter 3%Unbalance 2% Unbalance1% Unbalance Balanced Line 0102030405060708090100110 0102030405060708090100 > Total Harmonic Current Distortion THID, % (0% to 100% load, unbalanced line voltage) 6-pulse VFD with Harmonics Tutorial >

28 Harmonic trap Harmonic Trap th th 5 20% -30% THID is typical for a 5 Input7.24%THiD MTE CORPORATION Matrix Filters are Better Than Harmonic Traps Standard Standard Matrix Filter Harmonics Tutorial >

29 MTE CORPORATION (With 480 V rmsinput) For both 8 and 12% Matrix Filters 502 V rms, 710 V peak ( < 5% boost) 460 V rms, 600 V peak (< 5% drop) 490 V rms, 693 V peak (2% boost) ֕ Օ Max output voltage at No Load Min output voltage at Full load Max filter input voltage (with 6% impedance) Harmonics Tutorial O O O Matrix Filter Voltage Regulation >