Testing of plastics and rubber
1 / 68Pages

Testing of plastics and rubber Intelligent Testing FP 269 2.0408 Testing systems

3 Since 1992, these companies have formed the Zwick Roell group, and in July 2001, the company group was converted into a stock corporation: the Zwick Roell AG. Part of this stock corporation are the companies Zwick, Toni Technik, Indentec Ltd., and since may 2002 Acmel Labo. These companies supply an extensive program for materials, component, and functional tests – from the manually operated hardness tester up to complex robotic test systems for the twentyfour- seven production control. By acquisition of the German company GTM (2007) and the Austrian company Messphysik (2006) the know-how...

4 Plastics and rubbersdevelopment, structure and properties Plastics In 1861, the first polymeric plastic was patented for Alexander Parkes under the name Parkesine. It was a kind of celluloid then patented by Hyatt in 1870, and in 1908, Bakeland and Lebach made the chemistry of phenolic resins more transparent. Bakeland then discovered Bakelite, the first plastic to be broadly used, whilst Hermann Staudinger described the structure of polymeric materials as macromolecules and thus discovered the basis of macromolecular chemistry. Ziegler and Natta worked on the polymerization of ethylene....

5 Short Designation Application sign examples NR Natural Rubber Medical gloves, latex, blending component for synthetic rubber SBR Styrene Butadiene Rubber All-purpose rubber, (originally “Buna – S”) tire industry CR Polychloropren Rubber Contact adhesives, conveyor belts, sealings, hoses IIR Isobutene-Isoprene Sealings, membranes, (Butyl) Rubber cable insulations EPDM Ethylene-Propylene- Roof and pond foils, Diene Monomer sealings in automotive industry NBR Nitrile Butadiene Oil and fuel resistant sealings, Rubber membranes, hoses SI/MQ/ Silicone Rubber Sealings for freezers, stoves, PMQ/...

6 Application test-curve in testXpert® II Example of mounting Thermoplastic and thermosetting materials Standard: ISO 527-2 Type: tensile Material: semi-rigid plastic Grips: wedge-screw Extensometer: multiXtens Test speed: 1 mm/min, 50 mm/min Standard: ISO 527-2 Type: tensile Material: rigid plastic Grips: wedge Extensometer: Macro Test speed: 1 mm/min, 50 mm/min Standard: ISO 178 Type: flexural (3-point) Material: rigid plastic Grips: flexural tool Extensometer: crosshead monitor Test speed: 2 mm/min, 50 mm/min Rubbers and elastomers Standard: ISO 37 Type: tensile Material: PIB dumbbell...

7 Application test-curve in testXpert® II Example of mounting Rubbers and elastomers Standard: ISO 34-1 Type: tear test Material: SBR Specimen: angle Grips: pneumatic Extensometer: crosshead monitor Test speed: 500 mm/min Standard: ISO 34-1 Type: tear test Material: SBR Specimen: trouser Grips: pneumatic Extensometer: crosshead monitor Test speed: 500 mm/min Fibre reinforced composites Standard: ISO 527-4 Type: tensile Material: CRP Specimen: type 3 Grips: hydraulic Extensometer: Macro Test speed: 2 mm/min Standard: ISO 14130 Type: interlaminar shear Material: CRP Grips: flexural device...

8 Application test-curve in testXpert® II Example of mounting Flexible cellular plastics Standard: ISO 1798 Type: tensile Material: PUR Grips: pneumatic Extensometer: mechanical long travel Test speed: 500 mm/min Standard: ASTM D 3574 - B1 Type: indentation hardness Material: PUR Grips: indentor Extensometer: crosshead monitor Test speed: 48 mm/min Standard: ISO 3386 Type: compression properties Material: PUR Grips: compression plates Extensometer: crosshead monitor Test speed: 50 mm/min Standard: ISO 8067 Type: tear test Material: PUR Specimen: trouser Grips: pincer Extensometer: crosshead...

9 Application test-curve in testXpert® II Example of mounting Thin sheeting and plastic film Standard: ISO 527-3 Type: tensile Material: PVC film Specimen: strip, 10mm large Grips: screw Extensometer: crosshead monitor Test speed: 100 mm/min Standard: EN 14477 Type: puncture test Material: PE film Grips: test device Extensometer: crosshead monitor Test speed: 100 mm/min Adhesives and sealings Standard: ISO 4578 Type: 90° peel test Material: tape Grips: test device Extensometer: crosshead monitor Test speed: 100 mm/min Standard: customer specific Type: opening of sealing Material: food...

10 Sample Preparation Injection molding and compression molding To characterize thermoplastic and thermosetting materials, specimens are made by injection or direct compression molding. The applied processing parameters such as pressure, temperature and shear-rate strongly influence the materials behavior. Thermosetting materials: • Compression molding (ISO 295) • Injection molding (ISO 10724-1) Thermoplastic materials: • Compression molding (ISO 293) • Injection molding (ISO 294, part 1-4) Multipurpose specimen, ISO 3167 The local shear-rate during processing is influenced by the shape of...

11 Strip cutter for plastics film Parallel strip-type specimen for tensile tests are taken from a sheet material with a straight and notchfree cut. This strip-cutter allows strips to be cut from a sheet of about 180 mm by 300 mm (7” by 12”), fixed on the cutting drum. Zwick cutting presses and tools Zwick offers a wide range of cutting devices for both standardized and special specimen shapes. A list of the most common types is shown in the following tables. The cutting tool consists of 11 blades, allowing all strips to be cut in a single operation. Specimen dimensions Length: approx. 230...

12 L0 - gauge length L - distance between grips l1 - length of narrow parallel-sided portion or inner diameter L2 (le) - distance between broad parallel-sided portions l3 - overall length or outer diameter b1 - width of narrow portion b2 - width at ends h - thickness Thermoplastic and thermosetting materials Standard Type Application l3 l1 b2 b1 h L0 L Shape Cutting die/ mm mm mm mm mm mm mm spare die1) ISO 3167 A Injection moulded >_150 80±2 20±0.2 10±0.2 4.0±0.2 - - B.089 / 0902) multipurpose specimen (170) ISO 3167 B Compr. moulded or machined >_150 60±0.5 20±0.2 10±0.2 4.0±0.2 - - B.019...