MATERIAL <<< MATERIAL <<< CARBON STEEL EXOTIC ALLOYS [65Mn OIL-QUENCHED & TEMPERED] 65Mn high-carbon oil-quenched and tempered spring steel is a standard material for spiral retaining rings and wave springs. Its oil-tempered martensitic structure maximizes tensile and yield strength. • Operating temperature range: -20°C to 1 20°C • Highly magnetic: available in blue, black and gray finishes. [65MN COLD DRAWN] 65Mn high-carbon cold drawn (hard drawn) spring steel is a standard material for spiral retaining rings and wave springs. Its strength is derived from the wire drawing process. • Operating temperature range: -20°C to 1 20°C • Highly magnetic: typically gray in finish. Carbon steel is suited for protected operating environments and susceptible to corrosion without lubrication or sealing. Additional corrosion protection is available via specialized surface finishes. Products are supplied with an oil-dipped finish for protection during transportation and shelf storage. [304H ] 304H high-carbon spring stainless steel is a standard material for retaining rings and wave springs. Cold working delivers high strength and elasticity, with good oxidation and corrosion resistance. Finished parts receive low-temperature stress relief. • Slightly magnetic after cold working: available in silver white, silver gray and golden yellow finishes depending on heat treatment. [316] 31 6 nickel-chromium stainless steel offers mechanical properties nearly identical to 304H. With higher nickel and molybdenum content, it delivers superior corrosion resistance. Finished parts receive low-temperature stress relief. • Slightly magnetic after cold working: available in silver white, silver gray and golden yellow finishes depending on heat treatment. [631 (1 7-7PH/C)] 631 is an aluminum-bearing precipitation-hardening stainless steel with corrosion resistance similar to 304H. It achieves high strength and elasticity through martensitic transformation, cold working and precipitation hardening.Ideal for wave spring fabrication, it performs well in fatigue and high-stress applications. Spring properties are obtained via dispersion hardening from Condition C to CH900, with no loss of elasticity at temperatures up to 343°C. • Magnetic after cold working: blue/brown finish after open-air precipitation hardening, silver white/silver gray finish after protective atmosphere heat treatment. [INCONEL X-750] INCONEL X-750 is a nickel-chromium alloy for high-temperature corrosive environments, with excellent sulfidation resistance. Two common elastic tempers are achieved via precipitation hardening: • Spring Temper + Aged: operating temperature range -200°C to 370°C • No. 1 Spring Temper + Aged: operating temperature range -200°C to 550°C, suitable for retaining rings and wave springs • Non-magnetic; parts heat treated in open air exhibit a blue, brown or silver-gray finish. [A286] A286 alloy exhibits properties similar to INCONEL X-750 at temperatures up to 538°C. Spring tempers are achieved through precipitation hardening, with heat treatments equivalent to Spring Temper and No. 1 Spring Temper for INCONEL, delivering excellent mechanical properties. • Non-magnetic: blue / silver-gray finish after heat treatment. [INCONEL 718] INCONEL 718 is a precipitation-hardening nickel-chromium-iron alloy. It delivers exceptional strength, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties at both high and cryogenic temperatures, ideal for demanding industrial applications requiring high creep and fatigue strength. • Operating temperature range: -253°C to 550°C • Non-magnetic: typically exhibits a dark appearance or metallic luster after heat treatment. [BERYLLIUM COPPER] Beryllium copper is typically specified in its hard-tempered condition. Combining low modulus of elasticity with high ultimate tensile strength, it provides excellent spring properties. Elasticity is achieved through precipitation hardening. It offers the highest strength among copper alloys, with minimal change in physical properties at elevated temperatures. • Operating temperature range: -200°C to 200°C • Non-magnetic: electrical conductivity is approximately 2 to 4 times that of phosphor bronze. [ELGILOY 3J21 ] ELGILOY (3J21 non-magnetic alloy) is renowned for its exceptional corrosion and wear resistance. It is widely used in oil industry applications to resist sulfide stress cracking with high reliability. At 343°C, it delivers 600% higher load retention than 1 7-7 PH stainless steel and 1 00% more fatigue cycles than carbon steel without failure. • Operating temperature range: -50°C to 427°C • Non-magnetic: blue-brown finish after heat treatment. [HASTELLOY C-276] HASTELLOY C-276 (NS3304) is a high-grade nickel-molybdenum-chromium-tungsten alloy, renowned for its outstanding corrosion resistance in highly aggressive environments including strong oxidizing and reducing media. It provides excellent resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. • Exceptional corrosion resistance: generally non-magnetic.