Overview
This document from Weforma provides comprehensive information on deceleration technology, focusing on various types of shock absorbers and related components. It includes specifications, calculations, and instructions for selecting and using these devices in industrial applications.

Specifications
The document details different thread sizes and series for shock absorbers, including their stroke lengths and housing lengths. It provides a table with measurements in millimeters and corresponding page references for further details.

Calculation and Selection
Key criteria for selecting shock absorbers include impacting mass, impact speed, external forces, number of strokes per hour, and the number of parallel shock absorbers. The document provides formulas for calculating kinetic energy, propelling force energy, and total energy, along with examples of calculations for different scenarios such as falling mass and mass with motor drive.

Types of Shock Absorbers
The document categorizes shock absorbers into several types, including industrial shock absorbers, deceleration cylinders, speed controls, heavy-duty shock absorbers, rotary dampers, and gas springs. Each type is discussed with its specific applications and technical details.

Mounting Instructions
Instructions for mounting and using the shock absorbers are provided, emphasizing the importance of correct installation to ensure optimal performance and safety.

Technical Changes
The document notes that technical specifications are subject to change without notice, highlighting the importance of consulting the latest information when selecting and using these products.

Key Formulas
Formulas for effective mass, counterforce, stroke, deceleration time, and deceleration rate are provided, with notes on ensuring safety margins during calculations.

Conclusion
This document serves as a detailed guide for engineers and technicians involved in selecting and implementing deceleration technology in industrial settings, providing essential data and instructions for effective use.

Specifications and Parameters
- Correction factor for pneumatic motors: 0.65
- Torque (M): Measured in Nm
- Radius (R/r): Measured in meters
- Height (H): Measured in meters
- Acceleration due to gravity (g): 9.81 m/s²
- Moment of inertia (J): Measured in kgm²
- Angular velocity (ω): Measured in 1/s
- Drive power (P): Measured in kW
- Arresting torque factor for motors (HM): Normal value is 2.5
- Coefficient of friction (µ): For steel, µ=0.2
- Angle (α): Measured in degrees
- Acceleration/Deceleration (a): Measured in m/s²
- Deceleration time (t): Measured in seconds
- Counter force (FG): Measured in Newtons

Shock Absorber Fundamentals
- Shock absorbers operate on the principle of oil displacement.
- The piston rod's speed decreases proportionally to the stroke covered.
- Energy absorption can increase by up to 300% due to the Helix-Principle.
- Adjustable and self-compensating shock absorbers are available with linear or progressive deceleration characteristics.
- The ProAdjust system protects the adjustment collar, ensuring no damage from load impact.
- All Mega-Line shock absorbers have a solid body and a closed base without a retaining ring (ProTec).

Advantages of Mega-Line Shock Absorbers
- High energy absorption due to enlarged piston.
- Long lifespan with hardened piston guide.
- Operating temperature range: -20°C to +80°C.
- Integrated end stop for maximum safety.
- Special versions available in stainless steel.

Specifications
The document outlines the specifications for shock absorbers, including materials used such as black finish housing and hardened stainless steel piston rods. The temperature range for operation is between -20°C and +80°C. Special editions are available in stainless steel.

Benefits
The shock absorbers feature an enlarged piston for high energy absorption and cost-effective mounting. They are designed for extended life with a nitrated guidance system and special seals and oils. An integrated end stop ensures maximum security.

Dimensions and Performance
The document provides detailed dimensions for various models (WS-M, WP-M, WE-M) and their respective performance metrics such as energy absorption, effective mass, impact speed, and return spring force. For example, the WS-M 4 x 4 model has a stroke of 4 mm and can absorb up to 0.7 Nm in emergency situations.

Torque and Accessories
Maximum torque values are provided for different models, with the M 4 x 4 model having a torque of 0.8 Nm. The document also lists included accessories such as a lock nut and instructions for use and assembly.

Additional Features
The shock absorbers are self-compensating and available in linear or progressive configurations. They are designed to handle various impact speeds and return spring forces, with specific models tailored for different applications.

Conclusion
This technical document provides comprehensive details on the specifications, benefits, dimensions, performance, and additional features of shock absorbers, making it a valuable resource for understanding their capabilities and applications.

Overview
The document provides technical specifications and performance details for various shock absorbers, focusing on energy absorption, effective mass, and other mechanical properties. It includes data on different models such as WE-M, WS-M, and WP-M, each with specific characteristics and applications.

Specifications
The document lists detailed specifications for each model, including dimensions, weight, impact speed, return spring force, torque, temperature range, and materials used. For instance, the WE-M model is adjustable and linear, with an impact speed range of 0.02 - 6.0 m/s and a temperature range of -20°C to +80°C.

Performance
Performance metrics such as energy absorption capacity, effective mass range, and constant load capabilities are provided. The document categorizes the shock absorbers based on their hardness levels, from very soft to very hard, and provides maximum energy absorption values in Nm/HB.

Materials and Construction
The shock absorbers are constructed using specialized materials like black-finished special steel for the housing and hardened stainless steel for the piston rod, ensuring durability and performance under various conditions.

Additional Features
The document highlights features like the Helix Principle for increased energy efficiency, ProAdjust for protected adjustment, and ProTec for a solid body design without a retaining ring. These features contribute to extended life and cost-effective mounting.

Accessories and Options
Optional threads and additional accessories are available, with specific part numbers provided for ordering. The document also includes instructions for use and assembly, ensuring proper installation and maintenance.

Specifications
The document provides detailed specifications for various mechanical components, including dimensions, materials, and performance characteristics. Key specifications include thread sizes, dimensions in millimeters, and material descriptions such as hardened stainless steel for piston rods and black finish for housings.

Procedures
Instructions for use and assembly are included, emphasizing the need for an end stop 1 mm before the stroke ends. The document also mentions the importance of proper mounting techniques, such as foot and clevis mounting.

Standards and Norms
The document outlines the standards for shock absorbers, including energy absorption capacities, effective mass ranges, and impact speed limits. It also specifies temperature ranges and torque limits for safe operation.

Recommendations
Recommendations include using the Helix Principle for energy efficiency, ProAdjust for protected adjustment, and ProTec for a solid body design. The document suggests special editions available in stainless steel for enhanced durability.

Performance Data
Performance data is provided in tables, detailing energy absorption, effective mass, and impact speed for different models. The tables also include specifications for constant load, emergency conditions, and external tank usage.

Key Features
Key features highlighted include the Helix Principle for increased energy efficiency, ProAdjust for protected adjustment, and ProTec for a robust design without retaining rings. The document emphasizes extended life through nitrated guidance systems and integrated end stops for maximum security.

Specifications
The document outlines the specifications for a range of shock absorbers, highlighting their energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Key features include a nitrated guidance system for extended life, special seals and oils, and a hardened, aluminium-titanium-nitride coated piston. The shock absorbers are available in a special stainless steel edition.

Performance and Technical Characteristics
The shock absorbers are designed to be self-compensating and linear, with high energy absorption capabilities up to 105,000 Nm/h. They are constructed for compact spaces and feature integrated end stops for maximum security. The materials used include a black finish housing and a hard chrome-plated steel piston rod.

Dimensions and Mounting
The document provides detailed dimensions for various models, including WE-M, WS-M, and WP-M series, with specifications for thread sizes and mounting options. Accessories such as stop caps and bellows are available, and additional mounting options can be requested.

Operating Conditions
The shock absorbers operate within a temperature range of -20°C to +80°C. They are designed to handle impact speeds and return spring forces specific to each model, ensuring optimal performance under various conditions.

Additional Features
The shock absorbers are designed to handle side forces up to 15° without additional mounting parts. They feature special seals and oils for extended life and are made from hardened stainless steel for durability.

Ordering Information
Details are provided for ordering shock absorbers with or without return springs, as well as for models with external tanks. The document emphasizes the benefits of optimal cooling for higher energy absorption per hour.

Overview
The document provides technical specifications and instructions for speed controls and double-acting speed control systems used in automation. It includes details on benefits, dimensions, performance, materials, and mounting instructions.

Dimensions
The document lists dimensions for various models (WM-V and WM-VD series) with specific measurements for stroke, speed force, return spring force, and weight.

Performance
The speed controls are designed for precise adjustment in both push and pull directions, with continuous adjustment over the entire stroke. They are equipped with special seals and oils for extended life.

Accessories
Includes a retaining ring and instructions for use and assembly. Optional rectangular flange available by adding "A" to the part number.

Specifications and Procedures
The document provides detailed instructions for the installation and use of decelerators and shock absorbers. It emphasizes that decelerators should not be painted, welded, or pinned, and should be protected in extreme conditions. The maximum deviation of the decelerator axis should not exceed 3°. When using multiple decelerators, the load should be evenly distributed. The document also specifies the use of fixed stops for certain series and provides guidelines for adjusting the hardness of adjustable decelerators.

Adjustable and Self-Compensating Decelerators
For adjustable decelerators, the hardness is set using an adjustment screw, with specific instructions for different impact speeds. Self-compensating decelerators are available in five hardness levels, and the appropriate model should be chosen based on the impact test results.

Heavy-Duty Shock Absorbers
The introduction highlights the development of hydraulic heavy-duty shock absorbers to transform impact energy into heat and control system deceleration while minimizing counterforces. The document lists various models with different stroke lengths and energy absorption capacities, emphasizing the flexibility and quick response to modifications due to CNC-based production.

Quality Assurance
The document assures high product quality through extensive in-process controls and final inspections on computer-controlled testing facilities. The company is certified with DIN ISO 9001, confirming the high quality standards of its products.

Operating Principle
The operating principle of the LDS series is explained, detailing the use of two chambers filled with hydraulic oil and nitrogen, separated by a rubber bellow. This setup allows the piston to reset with low force, and the process of impact and pressure increase is described.

Operating Principle
The LDS series features two chambers filled with hydraulic oil and nitrogen, separated by a rubber membrane. This setup allows the piston to retract with reduced force. When a mass impacts the shock absorber, the throttling bores push the hydraulic oil against the rubber membrane, increasing the pressure in the nitrogen reservoir. As the shock absorber relaxes, the piston rod retracts due to the pressure in the reservoir.

Specifications and Calculations
Various examples and calculations are provided for different models (e.g., LDS-40-400-XXXX, HLS-100-200-XXXX), detailing the kinetic energy (Wk), propelling force energy (WA), total energy (Wkg), and energy per hour (Wkg/h). These calculations consider factors such as mass, velocity, force, stroke, and the number of strokes per hour.

Applications and Benefits
The LDS series is suitable for automated warehouses and stacker cranes. It offers customer-specific deceleration characteristics, zinc-plated or painted housing, and a hard chrome-plated piston rod for extended life. The operating temperature range is -20ºC to +80ºC, with an optional range of -40ºC to +100ºC.

Technical Data
Tables provide detailed specifications for different LDS models, including piston diameter, stroke, energy per stroke, maximum counterforce, angular tolerance, and weight. Recommendations are given for using rear flanges with shock absorbers up to 300 mm stroke.

Specifications
Cylinder tubes are black painted and filled with a nitrogen/oil compound. The recommended mounting position is vertical with the piston rod facing downwards. The operating temperature range is -20°C to +80°C. The piston rod is made of nitrided or chrome-plated steel, and the cylinder tube is black painted.

Advantages
The vertical mounting position with the piston rod downwards provides optimal damping characteristics. Gas springs are maintenance-free and should not be oiled or greased. They are filled with nitrogen, an inert gas that is non-flammable, non-explosive, and non-toxic. The internal pressure can reach up to 300 bar, and gas springs should not be opened.

Mounting Instructions
Gas springs should be mounted with the piston rod facing downwards for best performance. They should be stored in the same position. After storage or inactivity, the initial force required may be higher due to gasket pressure. Gas springs should not be welded, thermally treated, or exposed to open flames. They must be attached using specified mountings and should not be subjected to lateral forces.

Disposal Instructions
Gas springs must be depressurized before disposal. This involves securing the cylinder between two clamps and drilling holes at specified distances to release the gas safely. Protective eyewear and gloves are recommended during this process. The oil should be disposed of separately.

Technical Data
The document includes a detailed table of various gas spring models, specifying dimensions, stroke lengths, forces, and other technical parameters. The models range from WM-G15 to WM-G28, with varying diameters and force capacities.

Ordering Information
Examples of ordering codes are provided, detailing the model, stroke, and specific features such as angle joints and spherical end bearings.

Additional Information
For further details, users are directed to visit the company's website.