Vacuum Optics
Vacuum Optics
The document explores the use of vacuum optics for transmitting electromagnetic waves, such as light or laser radiation, between atmospheric and vacuum environments. It emphasizes the necessity of high-precision optics for nearly loss-free transmission, which is vital for applications ranging from simple viewing to complex scientific processes.
Standard viewports come with either demountable O-ring seals or permanent joints, used for monitoring and illumination within vacuum chambers. The choice of material depends on factors like wavelength, transport distance, and potential losses.
These viewports are tailored for specific wavelength ranges such as UV-VIS-NIR and may include anti-reflection coatings to reduce surface reflections. Special viewports are available for VIS-IR and UV-VIS-NIR applications.
Special viewports include those with conducting transparent ITO coatings, luminescent layers, and radiation shielding. Additional components like viewport shutters and borosilicate glass in quick access doors are also discussed.
Optical fiber feedthroughs are divided into singlemode and multimode, with accessories for each type. They are used for flexible guiding of optical signals, minimizing dispersion effects over long distances.
The document details interactions between electromagnetic waves and optical materials, including refraction, reflection, absorption, and scattering. It highlights the importance of transmission and damping in determining optical component efficiency.
Various materials are used for vacuum optics, each with specific properties like absorption coefficient, transmission, and reflection. Transmission ranges for materials used by VACOM for UV, VIS, and IR radiation are provided.
The quality of optical surfaces is crucial for minimizing losses. The document discusses scratch/dig classes, flatness, and the importance of cleanliness in optical elements. Special production methods and coatings enhance surface quality.
Anti-reflection coatings are applied to optical surfaces to reduce reflectance and improve transmission. These coatings are designed based on optical interference and can be optimized for specific wavelengths.
The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of selecting appropriate materials and technologies to meet specific vacuum optics application requirements. An experienced team is available to provide solutions for specialized needs.
The document discusses various optical components and their specifications, focusing on viewports made from materials like borosilicate and fused silica, known for excellent transmission properties across different wavelength ranges. Technical data for different types of viewports, including connection types, materials, transmission ranges, and temperature tolerances, are specified.
Procedures for handling optical components are outlined, emphasizing the use of appropriate cleaning tools and chemicals to avoid damaging sensitive surfaces. The assembly and installation of optical fiber feedthroughs are described, highlighting the use of specific connectors to minimize back reflections.
Standards for optical surface quality, including scratch/dig classes and flatness measurements, are specified. The use of anti-reflection coatings to enhance transmission and reduce reflectance for specific wavelength ranges is detailed.
Recommendations include using high-quality connection technology to maintain low insertion losses and selecting appropriate materials and coatings based on specific application requirements, such as temperature stability and radiation resistance.
Figures illustrate the reflectance of uncoated and coated quartz viewports, the composition of optical fibers, and the transmission properties of different materials, providing reference values for understanding the performance of various optical components.
The document highlights the importance of choosing the right materials and coatings for optical applications, considering factors like wavelength range, temperature stability, and magnetic permeability. Proper handling and cleaning are stressed to maintain the integrity of optical surfaces.
This document provides detailed technical specifications and configurations for optical fiber feedthroughs, both singlemode and multimode, designed for vacuum applications. It includes information on various fiber types, connectors, and accessories.
- Fiber Type: SM1310 with FC/APC connector.
- Wavelength: 1310 nm and 1550 nm.
- Numerical Aperture: 0.12.
- Cut-off Wavelength: 1260 nm.
- Insertion Loss: ≤ 0.5 dB.
- Return Loss: ≥ 60 dB.
- Ferrule Material: 2.5 mm ceramics (ZrO2).
- Flange Configurations: Various configurations available for CF16, CF40, and CF63 flanges.
- Fiber Types: MM50, MM400UV, MM400IR with FC/PC connectors.
- Wavelength Ranges: MM50 (850-1300 nm), MM400UV (190-1100 nm), MM400IR (400-2400 nm).
- Numerical Aperture: 0.2 for MM50, 0.22 for MM400UV and MM400IR.
- Insertion Loss: ≤ 0.5 dB at specified wavelengths.
- Ferrule Material: 2.5 mm ceramics (ZrO2).
- Flange Configurations: Available for CF16, CF40, and CF63 flanges.
- Coupling: FSMA (SMA-905).
- Insertion Loss: < 1.2 dB for 400 μm and 600 μm core diameters, < 1.5 dB for 200 μm.
- Wavelength Ranges: UV-VIS (190-1100 nm), VIS-IR (400-2400 nm).
- Numerical Aperture: 0.22.
- Core Diameters: 200 μm, 400 μm, 600 μm.
- Housing Material: Stainless steel 316L (1.4404).
- Flange Systems: KF, CF, QCF.
- Bakeout Temperature: CF: 180 °C, KF: 120 °C.
- Optical Fiber Cables: Available in various lengths and configurations, compatible with standard fibers.
- Connectors: Suitable for cable diameters 0.9-3.5 mm, with strain relief of 150 N and product life of over 1000 connection cycles.
- Operating Temperature: -40 to 85 °C, with a maximum bakeout temperature of 180 °C.
Catalog excerpts
Vacuum Optics Standard Viewports Viewports for Optical Applications Special Viewports and Additional Components Optical Fiber Feedthroughs Singlemode Optical Fiber Feedthroughs Multimode Accessories for Optical Fiber Feedthroughs
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Contents Introduction Standard Viewports Standard viewports with demountable O-ring seal Viewports with permanent joint Viewports for Optical Applications Viewports for UV-VIS-NIR, CF Viewports for UV-VIS-NIR, with anti-reflection coating Viewports for optical applications, KF Viewports for UV-VIS-NIR, CF Viewports for VIS-IR, CF Viewports for IR, CF Viewports for UV-VIS-NIR, CF Page Page Page Page Page Page Page High Precision Optic Series Special Viewports and Additional Components Viewports with conducting, transparent ITO coating Viewports with luminescent layer Borosilicate glass in quick...
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Vacuum Optics Vacuum Optics – Applications and Requirements For a large number of applications it is necessary to transport electromagnetic waves such as light or laser radiation from atmosphere into vacuum or from vacuum into atmosphere. The range of possible applications covers simple tasks like viewing the inside of a vacuum chamber or illuminating such a chamber, as well as the defined coupling in and out of light for scientific or processing purposes. High requirements to optics have to be fulfilled for high-precision, nearly loss-free transmission of optical information. This large number...
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Vacuum Optics Basics Interactions between electromagnetic waves and optical material When an electromagnetic wave passes through an optical material such as glass, a large number of interactions take place (refraction, reflection, absorption, scattering). These interactions can change the radiation itself as well as the optical material. For typical applications in optics, transmission or alternatively decay in terms of damping are highly relevant. Both parameters describe the amount of the original intensity or power that remains after transmitting through the optical material. a) Figure 1 –...
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Vacuum Optics Basics Beam transmission The wave with the intensity T1 or power T1 propagates in the optical material. Here, further decay in intensity T(d) or in power T(d) takes place, depending on the distance . This decay is due to absorption and can be described by an exponential decay -ad with absorption coefficient . Transmission and damping can be written for this process also: T(d)= T1 • In this case transmission is also called internal or material transmission, damping is also called intrinsic damping or intrinsic loss. In case of damping, it is common to divide by length to get a length...
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Vacuum Optics Materials for Vacuum Optics and Their Properties Transmission and quality of optical materials Absorption coefficient a, transmission T and reflection R all depend on the wavelength l used in the application. The wavelength and the spectral width of radiation therefore limit and define the material that can be used. For use as transmission optics, key features are low absorption meaning high material transmission. In figure 2, some optical materials and their transmission ranges used by VACOM for ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS) and infrared radiation are shown. Figure 2 – Transmission...
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Vacuum Optics Materials for Vacuum Optics and Their Properties Anti-reflection coating of optical surfaces Transmissions 1 and 2 can be further raised, when anti-reflection (AR) coatings are applied to optical surfaces. These multilayer systems are based on optical interference. Designing and choosing the right layer system can significantly lower reflectance for one or some specific wavelengths (e.g. VAR for one, WAR for two wavelengths, from the form of the reflectance curves). Also optimization of reflectance for a broad range of wavelengths is possible (BBAR, broadband anti-reflection). As...
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Vacuum Optics Optical Fibers, Feedthroughs and Connectors The diameter of the fiber core determines if light of just one wavelength or a comparably short wavelength range is transmitted (singlemode fibers) or if light of a rather large wavelength range (multimode fibers) is transmitted. VACOM standard fibers and their respective operation wavelengths / wavelength ranges are shown in figure 5. Special fibers are available on request. Please do not hesitate to contact as for special solutions. Figure 5 – Standard fibers available at VACOM and their respective operations wavelengths / wavelength...
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Standard Viewports Standard Viewports Applications of standard viewports made of borosilicate and fused silica are mainly monitoring and illumination tasks. Requirements to these viewports are primarily the flange type (CF, KF, ISO), desired pressure range and operation temperature. Viewports with removable O-ring seals are suitable for high vacuum applications and for temperatures up to 150 °C. For higher requirements in pressure or temperature, viewports are required in which glass and flange are permanently joined (e.g. by soldering). To prevent tensions that occur during heating, cooling...
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Standard Viewports Standard Viewports with Demountable O-ring Seal Borosilicate and fused silica (SiO2), KF/ISO demountable ISO-K Viewport (flange mounting) Technical data Description Connection type He leak rate Window material viewport with demountable O-ring seal (FKM) KF, ISO-K or ISO-F flange < 1.0E-9 mbar l/s borosilicate (Borofloat®33) or fused silica (Silux®) - KF, ISO-K: stainless steel 304 - ISO-F: aluminum, anodized FKM, O-ring ca. 400...2500 nm (Borofloat®33), ca. 300...2000 nm (Silux®) Max. 150 °C (with aluminum frame 120 °C) Flange material Frame material Transmission range Bakeout...
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Standard Viewports Standard Viewports with Demountable O-ring Seal ISO-K Viewport (wall mounting) ISO-F Viewport (wall mounting) Replacement windows Order code Replacement O-rings Order code
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Standard Viewports Viewports with Permanent Joint Borosilicate glass, KF/ISO Technical data Description Connection type He leak rate Window material Flange material Frame material Transmission range Bakeout temperature Max. heating and cooling rate viewports with permanent flange-window-joint KF, ISO-K flange < 1.0E-9 mbar l/s borosilicate (Corning 7056) stainless steel 304 Kovar® ca. 400...2500 nm Max. 150 °C 3 K/min Borosilicate glass, KF/ISO The listed products and replacement parts are also available as clean room products (CRP). Please contact us for further information. Order code VPKF50B-L...
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