Introduction
Leonardo da Vinci is credited with the initial concept of the roller chain, which has evolved into the modern drive chain. His ideas are documented in his notebooks, and a portrait made of link plates is displayed at Tsubakimoto Chain’s Kyotanabe Plant.
Environmental Policy
The Tsubaki Chain Group prioritizes global environmental protection through policies aimed at reducing environmental impact, improving management systems, complying with regulations, and educating the workforce. The Kyotanabe Plant is equipped with advanced systems to produce environmentally friendly products.
Accreditations
Tsubakimoto Chain has received ISO9001 accreditation in 1995 and ISO14001 in 2003, reflecting their commitment to quality and environmental management.
Roller Chain Products
The document details various roller chain products, including RS Roller Chains, Lambda Chains, and Super Roller Chains, each designed for specific applications and environments. The G8 Series offers improved wear life and corrosion resistance.
Handling and Maintenance
Guidelines for handling roller chains include cutting, connecting, lubrication, installation, and inspection. Special precautions are advised for use in unique environments.
Selection and Safety
Selection guides and safety precautions are provided to ensure proper use and maintenance of chains and sprockets, minimizing the risk of accidents.
Accessories and Tools
A range of accessories, including chain tensioners, idler sprockets, and lubricators, are available to support chain maintenance needs.
Conclusion
Tsubaki offers a comprehensive line-up of drive chains and sprockets designed to enhance productivity and meet diverse operational requirements.
Overview: The document provides a detailed analysis of Tsubaki's G8 Series Lambda Chain and associated sprockets, highlighting improvements in wear life, strength, and corrosion resistance compared to previous models. It includes specifications, test results, and recommendations for use in various applications.
Specifications: The G8 Series Lambda Chain offers up to twice the wear life of previous models under specific conditions, using NSF-H1 food-grade lubricant in sintered bushes. The chain's construction and lubrication are designed to enhance durability and performance.
Performance Comparison: The document compares the tensile strengths and allowable loads of various chains, including the RS Roller Chain, Super Chain, and Ultra Super Chain. The G8 Series shows significant improvements in maximum allowable load and wear life, with a 20% longer wear life than the G7 Series.
Corrosion and Chemical Resistance: The G8 Series NEPTUNE CHAIN® demonstrates superb corrosion resistance, withstanding saltwater spray tests and exposure to sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide without strength reduction.
Sprocket Features: Tsubaki's TOUGH TOOTH sprockets are highlighted for their increased strength and durability, featuring induction-hardened carbon steel teeth and a 43% stronger hub. These sprockets are designed to complement the G8 Series Heavy Duty Drive Chains.
Installation and Maintenance: The document provides guidelines for selecting, installing, and maintaining roller chains, emphasizing the importance of proper alignment, lubrication, and periodic inspection to prevent breakage and extend service life.
Comparison with Other Transmission Mechanisms: Roller chains are compared to toothed belts, V-belts, and gears, with roller chains being preferred for low-speed, high-load applications due to their compactness, strength, and shock absorbency.
Testing and Standards: The document outlines the testing methods for determining tensile strength and maximum allowable load, referencing ANSI and JIS standards. It emphasizes the importance of selecting chains based on these standards to ensure compliance and performance.
Specifications and Standards:
The document outlines the specifications for roller chains, including the moment of inertia, total length tolerance, and elastic elongation under load. The length tolerance is specified according to JIS B 1801:2014, with a tolerance of 0 to +0.15% of the reference length for RS 80 chains.
Chain Construction and Components:
The basic structure of roller chains includes plates, pins, bushes, and rollers. Each component has specific requirements for strength and resistance to wear and shock. The document details the dimensions and fitting types, such as slip fit and press fit, for assembling the chains.
Types of Roller Chains:
The document categorizes roller chains into standard, lube-free, heavy-duty, corrosion-resistant, and specialty chains. Each type has specific features, such as high tensile strength or corrosion resistance, and is suitable for different operating conditions and applications.
Lubrication and Maintenance:
The recommended lubrication systems and lubricants are specified for different chain types. Proper lubrication is crucial for maintaining chain performance and longevity, especially under varying temperature conditions.
Ordering and Assembly:
Guidelines for ordering specific chain lengths and types are provided, including the use of connecting and offset links. The document emphasizes the importance of using the correct assembly parts and methods to ensure chain integrity and performance.
Key Tables and Data:
The document includes kilowatt ratings tables and operating temperature ranges for different chain types. These tables help in selecting the appropriate chain for specific applications based on load and environmental conditions.
Overview: This document provides detailed specifications and guidelines for various types of roller chains, including standard, lube-free, heavy-duty, and corrosion-resistant chains. It also covers sprockets and pin gear drives, along with accessories and handling instructions.
Specifications: The document includes kilowatt rating tables for different roller chain models (RS32B to RS48B and RS56B), highlighting the impact of lubrication methods and chain strand numbers on performance. It specifies that using a one-pitch and two-pitch offset link reduces the kilowatt rating to 80% of the standard value.
Lubrication Methods: Various lubrication methods are discussed, including manual, drip, oil bath, slinger disc, and forced pump lubrication. The document emphasizes the importance of selecting the appropriate lubrication method to enhance chain performance and longevity.
Lube-Free Roller Chains: The Lambda Chain series is highlighted for its oil-impregnated felt seal, which improves anti-wear performance. It is suitable for high-temperature environments (150°C to 230°C) and uses NSF-H1 food-grade lubricant, making it ideal for food manufacturing equipment.
Wear Life and Temperature Considerations: The document provides guidance on wear life based on operating conditions, chain speed, load, and temperature. It notes that kilowatt ratings decrease in high-temperature ranges and provides a comparison of wear life for Lambda Chains.
Chain Construction and Compatibility: Details on the construction of Lambda Chains, including special plated pins and oil-impregnated bushes, are provided. The document advises on compatibility with standard roller chains and the need for special sprockets for certain chain types.
Precautions and Recommendations: Users are cautioned about debris in bushes, wet environments, and vacuum conditions that can affect chain performance. The document recommends recalculating kilowatt ratings when replacing RS Roller Chains with Lambda Chains.
Tables and Graphs: The document includes tables and graphs illustrating kilowatt ratings, wear life comparisons, and chain specifications, providing a comprehensive reference for selecting and maintaining roller chains.
Nickel-Plated Series: Nickel-plated chains should not be used in direct contact with food due to potential contamination from coating flakes or wear dust. In non-food applications, chains should be covered or selected with care to avoid similar issues. Offset links are unavailable for double strand chains, and cotter pins are used in connecting links for RS80 and larger chains.
Lube-Free Roller Chains: The document discusses various types of lube-free roller chains, including the Surface Treated Lambda Chain and X-Lambda Chain. These chains feature felt seals and thicker inner plates, resulting in longer pins. Offset links are not available, and chains should be designed with an even number of links. The document also highlights the importance of checking for equipment interference due to the longer pins.
Lambda Chain KF Series (Heat Resistant Series): This series is designed for high-temperature environments, with specific temperature factors affecting the chain's strength. The document advises on selecting the appropriate chain by considering the operating temperature and kW ratings. It warns against using the chains above 280°C due to potential harmful gas release.
Kilowatt Ratings Tables: The document provides detailed kilowatt ratings for various chain types, including Lambda Chain, Surface Treated Lambda Chain, X-Lambda Chain, and Lambda Chain KF Series. These tables help in selecting the appropriate chain based on power requirements and operating conditions.
General Precautions and Recommendations: The document emphasizes the importance of using an even number of links for double strand chains and highlights that offset links are not available for these chains. It also notes that the dimensions provided are nominal and may differ from actual measurements.
Overview: This document provides a detailed comparison and specifications of various Tsubaki roller chains, including RS Roller Chain, Ultra Super Chain, Super-H Chain, Super Chain, and RS-HT Chain. It highlights their tensile strengths, allowable loads, and specific features tailored for different applications.
Specifications:- RS Roller Chain: Standard chain with basic dimensions.
- Super Chain: Offers a 40% increase in maximum allowable load over RS Roller Chain, suitable for fatigue-prone applications.
- RS-HT Chain: 20% greater tensile strength than RS Roller Chain, ideal for high tensile strength applications.
- Super-H Chain: Higher allowable load and fatigue strength, designed for shock absorption.
- Ultra Super Chain: Highest allowable load, tensile strength, and shock absorption, suitable for compact drives.
Procedures and Recommendations:- Use RS Roller Chain for high-speed applications not covered in the kW ratings table.
- Offset links are not available; use an even number of links.
- Both single and multi-strand chains can use RS sprockets, but multi-strand RS-HT and Super-H chains cannot.
- Small sprockets must have heat-treated hardened teeth and be made of S35C or higher carbon steel.
Norms and Standards:- Connecting links use ring coining for easy attachment and removal while maintaining strength.
- Four-pitch offset links (4POL) are available for single strand chains only, with a maximum allowable load of 85% of the base chain.
Key Features:- High kW ratings and shock absorption capabilities.
- Users can opt for smaller chain sizes compared to RS Roller Chain.
- TOUGH TOOTH sprockets are optimized for use with Heavy Duty Drive Chain.
Tables and Graphs: The document includes tables comparing tensile strengths, allowable loads, and kW ratings for different chain models. These tables provide a benchmark comparison with RS100 as the standard.
Caution: The document advises using RS Roller Chain for low to medium speed heavy-duty drives and highlights the importance of selecting the appropriate chain and sprocket materials for specific applications.
Overview: The document provides detailed specifications and characteristics of various types of roller chains, focusing on their material composition, corrosion resistance, load capacity, and operating temperature ranges. It categorizes the chains into different series based on their specific features and applications.
NS Series: These chains are made from 316 stainless steel, offering high corrosion resistance and non-magnetic properties, except for the clips. They are suitable for applications requiring higher corrosion resistance than standard SS chains, with an operating temperature range of -20℃ to 400℃.
AS Series: Composed of precipitation-hardened stainless steel, these chains provide 1.5 times the allowable load of SS chains. They are magnetic and offer a balance of corrosion and heat resistance, suitable for smaller sizes and higher kilowatt ratings.
NP Series: Featuring nickel plating, these chains offer improved appearance and slight corrosion resistance, suitable for environments with water exposure. The maximum allowable load is approximately 15% lower than RS Roller Chains.
NEPTUNE CHAIN®: This chain uses a special eco-friendly coating for superior corrosion resistance, particularly against saltwater and chemicals. It is RoHS compliant and suitable for temperatures up to 150℃ with appropriate lubrication.
LSC Series: Designed for long life in both dry and wet environments, these chains use engineering plastic sleeves and offer significant wear life improvements over standard SS chains. They are ideal for applications requiring cleanliness, such as in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
General Recommendations: Most chains require lubrication before use, except when used in water. The document emphasizes the importance of selecting the appropriate chain based on environmental conditions and load requirements to prevent premature wear or articulation issues.
Technical Specifications: The document includes detailed tables with dimensions, load capacities, and material specifications for each chain type, highlighting the differences in construction and performance characteristics.
Specifications and Features:
The document provides detailed specifications for sprockets, including nominal dimensions that may differ from actual dimensions. Items marked with an asterisk (*) have a groove on the hub perimeter to prevent sprocket-chain interference. Various models are available, including RS Sprockets in both steel and stainless steel, with options for single and double strands.
Available Models and Finishing Services:
Models are available for easy bore finishing, with a wide range of stocked bore finishing specifications. Customers can select hub models, number of teeth, tooth hardening, surface treatment, bore diameter, bore tolerance, keyway tolerance, and tap hole processing.
Surface Treatment Options:
Surface treatments include black oxide treatment, electroless nickel-phosphorous plating, and electrogalvanized trivalent chromate. Black oxide treatment may require additional finishing, while the other two do not.
Bore and Keyway Specifications:
The document outlines bore finishing and keyway specifications, including bore diameter, keyway width, and tap size. Tolerances are selectable, and keyway dimensions follow JIS standards. Bore chamfering dimensions are provided, with options for different bore diameters.
Lock Sprockets:
Lock Sprockets are keyless friction type integrated coupling sprockets available in models RS35 to RS100 1B Type. They feature a tightening principle and specific bolt tightening positions. The document advises on allowable transmission torque, shaft diameter tolerance, and surface roughness.
General Precautions:
When mounting Lock Series S Type sprockets, consider the movement of the sprocket during tightening. Ensure the load torque does not exceed specified limits, and use a torque wrench for bolt tightening. The operating temperature range is -20℃ to 200℃.
Lock Series Overview:
The Lock Series is designed for secure mounting of sprockets on shafts. Key features include no wobbling after mounting, easy phase alignment, and simple mounting and dismounting without the need for retainers. The system uses a tapered inner diameter on the sprocket and a tapered outer diameter on the lock sleeve. Tightening the mounting bolts causes the sprocket to slide up the tapered surface, creating a wedge action that generates radial forces to secure the sprocket tightly to the shaft.
Specifications and Model Information:
The document provides detailed specifications for various models within the RS35, RS40, and RS50 Lock Series. Each model is identified by a specific configuration and number of teeth, with options for hardened or non-hardened teeth. The sprockets are compatible with specific chain pitches and roller diameters, and the document includes tables listing dimensions, bolt sizes, and tightening torques for each model.
Mounting and Configuration:
Models are available in configurations A and B, with specific notes on compatibility to avoid interference with chains. The document emphasizes checking the installation guide before attaching mounting bolts and provides detailed instructions for inputting bore diameters and selecting configurations.
Dimensions and Torque Specifications:
Tables in the document list the dimensions for each model, including pitch circle diameter, hub diameter, and applicable bore diameters. Maximum allowable torque values are provided for each model, ensuring users can select the appropriate sprocket for their application needs.
Important Notes:
1. Input bore diameter and configuration in specified boxes.
2. Dimensions are nominal and may differ from actual measurements.
3. Models with asterisks indicate limited configuration availability.
Overview
The document provides detailed technical specifications and installation procedures for various types of idler sprockets and chain tensioners used in roller chains. It covers different models, their construction, assembly, and installation guidelines, as well as ordering information.
Specifications
The idler sprockets are equipped with built-in bearings and are available in different types: TCS, ETS, TH, and TA. Each type has specific features such as induction-hardened teeth and different coatings or platings. The document includes tables listing model numbers, sprocket sizes, bolt specifications, and tightening torques.
Construction and Assembly
The idler sprockets are constructed with a main unit, coil spring, and various bolts and washers. The TCS and ETS types require assembly with specific washers and bolts, while the TA type comes pre-assembled with a plastic shoe. Detailed assembly instructions are provided, including diagrams for clarity.
Installation Procedures
Installation involves securing the idler sprocket and tensioner with bolts, ensuring proper alignment with the chain. The document emphasizes the importance of using bolts with a strength classification of 8.8T or more and provides torque specifications. It also includes step-by-step instructions for attaching different types of tensioners, with diagrams illustrating the correct positioning and alignment.
Ordering Information
The document outlines the ordering process, including model numbers, quantities, and applicable chain types. It specifies operating temperature ranges and provides examples of how to order different models.
Key Recommendations
- Ensure proper alignment of the idler sprocket and chain to prevent vibration and noise.
- Regularly lubricate the rod section of the tensioners.
- Use spacers as indicated to prevent contact between the tensioner and roller chain.
Conclusion
This document serves as a comprehensive guide for selecting, assembling, and installing idler sprockets and chain tensioners, ensuring optimal performance and longevity of roller chain systems.
Chain Tension Specifications:
- Various chain tensions are specified for different conditions such as deceleration, shuttle drive, load side torque, prime mover output, starting torque, braking torque, and acceleration. Each condition has both actual and design tension values expressed in kN and kgf.
Coefficients and Factors:
- Coefficient of friction between roller and rail is given with and without lubrication. Standard gravity acceleration is noted. Speed ratio and moment of inertia are defined. Several factors such as shock, number of teeth, service, RPM, imbalance load, and speed are referenced to specific tables.
Chain and Sprocket Specifications:
- Details include number of teeth for large and small sprockets, chain pitch, attachment height, and various torques (maximum, braking, starting, load, working, and rated). Chain speed and length, unit mass, and RPM for different components are specified.
Formulas and Calculations:
- Various formulas are provided for calculating chain tensions, acceleration and deceleration times, and other parameters. These include considerations for transmission efficiency and adjustments for multi-strand chains.
Selection Procedures:
- A step-by-step method for selecting roller chains is outlined, including checking required information, calculating design kW, determining chain length, and deciding on lubrication methods. Specific steps are provided for selecting chain and sprocket sizes based on speed ratios and space limitations.
General and Allowable Load Selection Methods:
- The document describes methods for general selection and allowable load selection, emphasizing the importance of service factors, design chain tension, and checking motor characteristics. It includes procedures for calculating chain tension during acceleration and deceleration and selecting appropriate chain sizes.
Specifications and Recommendations:1. For transmissions experiencing large shocks or extreme conditions, such as large-load transmissions or those with thrust loads, use F-type connecting links or two-pitch offset links.
2. When using one-pitch offset links or Super Chain 4 pitch offset links, allowances for strength should be made with respect to the maximum allowable load:
- M-type CL: 100%
- F-type CL: 100%
- Two-pitch offset link: 100%
- One-pitch offset link: 65%
- 4 pitch offset link: 85%
- Super Chain single strand: 60%
- BS/DIN Chain: 60%
3. Commercially available cast iron sprockets may not be strong enough for high tension chains like Super Chain, Super-H Roller Chain, and Ultra Super Chain. Use A, B, and C type RS sprockets made from materials like SS400, S35C, SC450.
4. For high-speed sprockets, use sprockets with hardened tooth tips.
5. Ensure roller chains are lubricated due to high bearing pressure. Allow an 80% reduction for M type connecting links for specific corrosion-resistant roller chains.
Chain Selection and Calculations:
1. The selection method uses maximum allowable load for products without kilowatt ratings or those operated at low speeds with frequent stops.
2. Calculations for rated torque, starting torque, maximum torque, and braking torque are provided, with specific formulas and examples.
3. Chain tension calculations are detailed, considering factors like conveyor roller rotation torque, sprocket dimensions, and usage factors.
4. Tentative chain selections are made based on calculated tensions and maximum allowable loads, with examples provided for different scenarios.
5. Lubrication recommendations are given for different chain types, emphasizing the use of oil baths or slinger discs.
Design Considerations:
1. The document provides detailed steps for calculating chain tension during acceleration and deceleration, considering factors like inertia and shock.
2. Recommendations for sprocket and chain combinations are given, with specific attention to sprocket bore diameters and shaft diameters.
3. The importance of selecting appropriate chain sizes and lubrication methods based on operational conditions is emphasized.
Specifications and Calculations:
The document provides detailed calculations for working torque, inertia ratio, and chain tension during acceleration and deceleration. It includes formulas for calculating motor braking torque and chain tension, emphasizing the importance of these parameters in the design and selection of roller chains.
Procedures:
Step-by-step procedures are outlined for calculating acceleration and deceleration times, as well as the inertia ratio. The document also details the process for selecting the appropriate roller chain based on these calculations.
Standards and Recommendations:
The document references specific standards for roller chain selection, including the maximum allowable load and the impact of temperature on chain performance. It advises on the selection of corrosion-resistant chains and the importance of considering ambient conditions.
Temperature Considerations:
There is a section dedicated to the effects of temperature on roller chain performance, including the degradation of strength at high temperatures and the brittleness at low temperatures. Recommendations for lubrication and adjustments in high-temperature environments are provided.
Corrosion Resistance:
A guide is included for assessing the corrosion resistance of chains and sprockets under various chemical exposures. This section emphasizes the need to verify corrosion resistance based on actual operating conditions.
Chain Cutting and Handling:
The document provides instructions for cutting roller chains to the necessary length, including the use of a chain vise and punch. It highlights the importance of proper handling to avoid damage to the chain components.
Conclusion:
The document concludes with a summary of the selected chain and sprocket specifications, emphasizing the need for careful consideration of environmental conditions and the importance of adhering to the outlined procedures and standards.
Safety Precautions
When grinding the riveted portion of a rivet-type pin, use a grinder to avoid damage and extra effort. Do not reuse removed parts.
Chain Cutting Procedures- Using a Chain Breaker: Grind down one end of the outer plate's pins before removing them. Ensure the bush is not loose or deformed.
- Cutting Poly Steel Chain: Support the chain in a cradle and use an exclusive punch. Avoid excessive force on plastic parts.
- Cutting Lambda Chain: Use a chain vise and grind pins carefully to avoid overheating. Use an exclusive cradle and punch for cutting.
Connecting Roller Chain- On Sprocket Teeth: Wind the chain around the sprocket, insert the connecting link, and secure it with clips or pins. Avoid damaging sprocket teeth.
- Between Shafts: Use a chain puller to bring chain ends together, insert the connecting link, and secure it.
- Clip and Cotter Pins: Ensure clips are securely inserted and cotter pins are bent properly. Do not reuse cotter pins.
Lubrication
Proper lubrication is crucial to prevent wear and corrosion. Apply lubricant to the gaps between plates and bushes. Avoid removing the factory-applied lube. For outdoor use, protect chains from rain and snow.
Layout and Installation- Speed Ratio and Chain Wrap: Maintain a speed ratio up to 7:1 and ensure chain wrap is at least 120°.
- Distance Between Shafts: Optimal distance is 30-50 times the chain pitch. Adjust slack to 4% of the span.
- Horizontal Precision and Parallelism: Ensure sprockets are installed with precision to avoid chain and sprocket damage.
Specifications and Procedures:
1. Sprocket Alignment: Use a straightedge to ensure sprockets are parallel, adjusting within specified values based on shaft distance.
2. Chain Layout: Maintain a level line connecting sprocket centers. Use idlers or tensioners for vertical layouts to prevent chain stretch and disengagement.
3. Lambda Curved Chain Installation: Install a guide for proper sprocket engagement and ensure the minimum lateral bending radius meets specifications.
Handling and Installation:
1. Sprocket Installation: Secure sprockets with appropriate locking mechanisms. Harden teeth under specific conditions to prevent wear.
2. Chain Test Run: Conduct pre-test checks for correct installation, lubrication, and absence of obstructions. During the test run, ensure smooth operation without unusual noises or vibrations.
Inspection and Maintenance:
1. Regular Inspections: Conduct monthly inspections, more frequently in harsh environments or high-speed operations.
2. Inspection Checklist: Check for lubrication, wear, and damage on chains and sprockets. Replace chains showing significant wear or damage.
3. Wear and Fatigue Checks: Inspect link plates, pins, and rollers for cracks or excessive wear. Adjust chain or guides if wear is detected.
Recommendations:
1. Use of Guides and Tensioners: Employ guide shoes and tensioners to prevent vibration and maintain chain tension.
2. Proper Sprocket Engagement: Ensure uniform contact area on sprocket teeth to avoid improper installation effects.
Critical Parameters:
1. Chain Wear Limit: Replace chains at 1.5% wear elongation.
2. Sprocket Tooth Wear: Replace sprockets when wear reaches specified limits or hardened layers are removed.
Roller Chain and Sprocket Maintenance and Troubleshooting
1. Chain and Sprocket Replacement
When a new roller chain is used on a worn sprocket, it accelerates chain wear. It is recommended to replace both the chain and sprocket simultaneously to ensure longevity.
2. Inspection of Chain Elongation
Chain elongation results from wear on the pin and bush, not deformation of the link plate. Regular measurement of chain elongation helps estimate remaining chain life. Use a vernier caliper to measure the inside (L1) and outside (L2) of the rollers over 6 to 10 links to minimize error. The formula for chain elongation is: Chain elongation (%) = (Measured length - Standard length) / Standard length. The standard length is calculated as Chain pitch x Number of links.
3. Usage Limits Based on Elongation
For smooth transmission, the allowable chain elongation varies with sprocket size: up to 60 teeth (1.5%), 61-80 teeth (1.2%), 81-100 teeth (1.0%), and 101-110 teeth (0.8%).
4. Inspection and Maintenance
Inspect for twisting and side bending. Replace the chain if these are observed. Check lubrication at connecting parts and around sprockets. Damaged end fittings should be replaced immediately.
5. Storage Recommendations
Store roller chains in cool, dry environments. Clean and lubricate chains before storage, wrapping them in grease paper.
6. Special Environment Usage
In wet conditions, improper lubrication increases wear. Use corrosion-resistant chains to prevent rust. In acidic or alkaline environments, chains may suffer embrittlement and corrosion. Protective casings and high-grade materials are recommended.
7. Troubleshooting and Problem Solving
Common issues include chain riding up on sprockets, unusual noises, excessive vibrations, and improper lubrication. Remedies involve correct installation, proper lubrication, and replacing worn components. For link plate and pin-related issues, reducing shock loads and ensuring proper installation are key.