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TIMKEN
Super Precision Bearings for Machine Tool Applications Catalog

Super Precision Bearings for Machine Tool Applications Catalog

Product catalog summary

Introduction
Timken is a prominent provider of friction management solutions, specializing in bearings and related products for machine tool applications. The company focuses on innovation, quality, and enhancing customer performance and productivity.

Engineering
The catalog details the engineering aspects of bearing selection, including applied loads, bearing reactions, load ratings, permissible operating speeds, lubrication, and run-in procedures. It also addresses heat generation, tolerances, fitting practices, and mounting designs.

Precision Tapered Roller Bearings
Timken offers various styles of precision tapered roller bearings, such as TS, TSF, TXR, and TSHR, in metric and inch sizes, designed for high-performance requirements in rotational accuracy and rigidity.

Super Precision Ball Bearings
The catalog introduces super precision ball bearings optimized for high-speed and high-accuracy applications, available in different contact angles and configurations.

Product Breadth
Timken provides a comprehensive range of rolling bearings and related products, including tapered, spherical, cylindrical, and ball bearings, along with lubrication and condition monitoring solutions.

About the Timken Company
Timken is a diversified industrial manufacturer focused on reducing friction and enhancing machinery efficiency, operating globally across various industries.

Catalog Features
The catalog includes dimensions, tolerances, and load ratings for various bearing types, offering guidance on fitting practices, internal clearances, and materials.

Limited Warranty
Timken offers a limited warranty ensuring products are free from defects in material and workmanship for a specified period, detailed in the catalog.

Warnings and Safety Precautions
Proper maintenance and handling are crucial to avoid injury. Installation instructions and lubrication must be followed, and bearings should not be spun with compressed air.

Purchaser's Remedy and Seller's Liability
The exclusive remedy for warranty claims is product replacement, with Timken replacing products free of charge at the point of shipment. They are not liable for consequential damages.

Terms and Conditions of Sale
All products are sold under Timken's Terms and Conditions of Sale, which supersede previous editions.

Shelf Life and Storage of Grease-Lubricated Bearings
Shelf life depends on factors like lubricant bleed rates and storage conditions, with guidelines provided for maintaining original packaging and controlling temperature and humidity.

Bearing Selection Process
Selection involves considering external loads, operating temperatures, and environmental factors, focusing on rotational accuracy, system rigidity, and service life.

Bearing Performance Characteristics
A matrix provides an overview of various bearing types and their performance characteristics, such as load capacity, stiffness, and speed.

Timken Super Precision Bearings
These bearings are crucial for machine tools requiring high accuracy, reliability, and productivity, addressing speed, stiffness, accuracy, and load capacity.

Specifications and Performance
Timken bearings meet or exceed industry tolerance standards, ensuring smooth performance, with comparisons between tapered roller bearings and ball bearings.

Design and Material Enhancements
Enhancements in speed, noise control, and temperature management can be achieved through cage design, material choice, and lubrication.

Precision and Accuracy
Timken super precision ball bearings are designed for high accuracy and repeatability, with strict controls over non-specified parameters affecting performance.

Load Capacity and Preloading
The importance of preload in distributing loads among rolling elements and its effect on bearing capacity is explained.

Conclusion
Timken provides a range of precision bearings tailored to meet specific application needs, focusing on enhancing machine tool performance through optimized design and material selection.

Specifications and Procedures
The document outlines the calculation of dynamic equivalent axial and radial loads for different types of bearings, including thrust angular contact ball bearings and tapered roller bearings.

Norms and Recommendations
Consultation with a Timken representative is emphasized when radial loads are expected or for specific bearing selection advice.

Dynamic Equivalent Load Calculations
Equations are provided for calculating dynamic equivalent radial loads, considering factors such as the direction of externally applied axial loads and the mounting type.

Bearing Life and Adjusted Life Equations
The document details the calculation of bearing life using the L10 life equation, introducing the Bearing Systems Analysis (BSA) approach.

Factors Affecting Bearing Life
Several factors influencing bearing life are discussed, including debris life factor, reliability life factor, material life factor, hardness life factor, load zone life factor, and lubrication life factor.

Key Data and Figures
Tables and figures illustrate load equations, reliability factors, and the effects of debris on bearing surfaces.

Lubrication Methods
Oil mist lubrication and metered air/oil systems are discussed for high-speed spindles, with a comparison of various lubrication systems based on cost and speed capabilities.

Run-In Procedures
Run-in cycles for tapered roller bearings and ball bearings are outlined, emphasizing temperature monitoring to prevent overheating.

Vertical Spindles
Special sealing is required to prevent coolant contamination, with grease deflectors or oil collection systems necessary depending on the lubrication method.

Heat Generation and Dissipation
Equations are provided to calculate heat generation and dissipation for tapered roller bearings and ball bearings.

Bearing Preload and Operating Temperature
The relationship between bearing preload and operating temperature is discussed, emphasizing the need for balance to maintain proper temperatures while achieving desired rigidity.

Bearing Geometry and Heat Generation
The internal geometry of bearings significantly affects heat generation, with high-speed designs optimizing internal geometries to balance load capacity, stiffness, and heat generation.

Heat Dissipation
Heat dissipation in ball bearing spindles varies with lubrication methods, with grease lubrication relying on conduction and oil lubrication dissipating heat through both conduction and the oil itself.

Tolerances for Tapered Roller Bearings
Tapered roller bearings are manufactured to specific tolerance classes, differing between inch and metric systems.

Specifications and Tolerances
The importance of coaxiality and angularity in bearing ring seats is emphasized, with tolerances depending on the bearing class, size, and application.

Shaft and Housing Fits
The shaft fit ensures proper attachment of the inner ring to prevent creeping and wear, with suggested fits for super precision ball bearings provided.

Housing Design and Geometry
Housings should be made of cast iron or steel, with precise machining to ensure roundness and alignment.

Mounting Designs
Good spindle accuracy relies on proper design, machining, and fitting practices, with various mounting designs suggested to optimize stiffness, speedability, and assembly ease.

Shafts and Locking Devices
Shafts should be made from hardened steel and ground for balance and accuracy, with locking devices essential for maintaining accurate settings.

Three-Support Mounting
The "box-type" mounting uses three bearings, with two nose bearings fixed and a tail bearing floating to accommodate thermal expansion.

Tapered Roller Bearings
Tapered roller bearings are highlighted for their use in fundamental spindle designs, offering specific advantages in certain applications.

Specifications and Configurations
Three-support mountings are recommended for heavily loaded or long spindles, with simple mounting involving two single-row bearings.

TS and TSF Arrangement
The spindle is supported by one bearing at the nose and another at the tail, offering a simple isostatic design.

Hydra-Rib and TSMA Bearings
A typical spindle arrangement combines a Hydra-Rib bearing at the tail and a TS bearing at the nose.

TXR(DO) Crossed Roller Bearings
These bearings are typically mounted for oil circulation lubrication but can also be designed for grease lubrication.

Duplex Ball Bearings
Back-to-back (DB) mounting provides axial and radial rigidity, suitable for applications with overturning loads.

Spring-Loaded Mountings
Used for high-speed applications to maintain consistent load despite temperature changes.

High Points of Runout
Aligning the high points of runout on bearing components optimizes spindle accuracy.

Setting and Preloading Guidelines for Tapered Roller Bearings
The operating setting affects spindle performance, including accuracy and dynamic stiffness.

Specifications and Procedures
The document discusses the optimization of spindle alignment with housing through bearing spread optimization.

Thermal Effects and Recommendations
During the initial operation period, radial thermal expansion is not immediately compensated by axial expansion.

Preloading of Precision Ball Bearings
Preloading is achieved by grinding stock off the inner and outer ring faces, ensuring compressive forces bring the balls into contact with raceways.

Graphs and Data Interpretation
Figures illustrate the effects of different preload conditions on axial and radial deflection for super precision ball bearings.

Bearing Selection and Numbering Systems
The document details the Timken bearing part numbering system, which accommodates international standards.

Precision Tapered Roller Bearings
Timken's precision tapered roller bearings are highlighted for their stiffness, load-carrying capacity, and reliability.

Conclusion
The document provides comprehensive technical guidance on bearing optimization, thermal effects, preloading, and selection.

Specifications and Best Practices
To maintain precision in equipment, it is recommended to replace bearings with those of equivalent precision class as originally specified.

Inspection
Replacing bearings alone may not restore original accuracy if surrounding components have defects.

Remounting
Follow the guidelines in the Engineering Section for both replacement and original equipment purposes.

Precision Bearing Types
The document details various types of precision tapered roller bearings, including single-row and two-row bearings.

Applications
Precision tapered roller bearings are used in machine tools, printing presses, optical grinders, and more.

Single-Row Bearings
TS is the basic type, consisting of an inner ring (cone) and an outer ring (cup), often used in opposing pairs.

Two-Row Bearings
TDO has a double outer race and two single inner races, often used where overturning moments are significant.

Crossed Roller Bearings
TXR bearings have two sets of races and rollers at right angles, offering high resistance to overturning moments.

High-Speed Bearings
TSMA bearings have axial oil holes for lubrication at high speeds.

Super Precision
Timken offers various precision levels and modifications to meet specific application demands.

Tables and Data
The document includes detailed tables with dimensions, load ratings, and part numbers for various bearing types.

Specifications and Procedures
The document outlines the importance of coaxiality and angularity in bearing ring seats, emphasizing the need for perpendicularity and flatness of shoulders.

Shaft and Housing Fits
The shaft fit ensures proper attachment of the inner ring to prevent creeping and wear.

Housing Design and Geometry
Housings should be made of cast iron or steel, with precise machining to ensure roundness and alignment.

Mounting Designs
Good spindle accuracy relies on proper design, machining, and fitting practices.

Shafts and Locking Devices
Shafts should be made from hardened steel and ground for balance and accuracy.

Three-Support Mounting
The "box-type" mounting uses three bearings, with two nose bearings fixed and a tail bearing floating to accommodate thermal expansion.

Tapered Roller Bearings
Tapered roller bearings are highlighted for their use in fundamental spindle designs.

Specifications and Configurations
Three-support mountings are recommended for heavily loaded or long spindles.

TS and TSF Arrangement
The spindle is supported by one bearing at the nose and another at the tail.

Hydra-Rib and TSMA Bearings
A typical spindle arrangement combines a Hydra-Rib bearing at the tail and a TS bearing at the nose.

TXR(DO) Crossed Roller Bearings
These bearings are typically mounted for oil circulation lubrication.

Duplex Ball Bearings
Back-to-back (DB) mounting provides axial and radial rigidity.

Spring-Loaded Mountings
Used for high-speed applications to maintain consistent load despite temperature changes.

High Points of Runout
Aligning the high points of runout on bearing components optimizes spindle accuracy.

Setting and Preloading Guidelines for Tapered Roller Bearings
The operating setting affects spindle performance.

Specifications and Procedures
The document discusses the optimization of spindle alignment with housing through bearing spread optimization.

Thermal Effects and Recommendations
During the initial operation period, radial thermal expansion is not immediately compensated by axial expansion.

Preloading of Precision Ball Bearings
Preloading is achieved by grinding stock off the inner and outer ring faces.

Graphs and Data Interpretation
Figures illustrate the effects of different preload conditions on axial and radial deflection for super precision ball bearings.

Bearing Selection and Numbering Systems
The document details the Timken bearing part numbering system.