ESARC Accelerating Rate Calorimeter
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Accelerating Rate Calorimeter Enhanced Specification World Benchmark Calorimeter

The ARC simulates exothermic runaway reactions at safe laboratory scale

esARC / Accelerating Rate Calorimeter Reactive Chemicals and Materials, Monomers, Resins, Peroxides, API’s, Batteries and Explosives all have the potential to produce heat by exothermic reactions. If the heat is not removed there is the potential for a runaway reaction. There is the need to understand the likelihood and to assess the impact of ‘undesired reactions’. This can be done in the laboratory on a small scale with the aim to simulate the worst case scenario of what can happen on larger industrial scale. An adiabatic accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC) can replicate such potential...

/ Accelerating Rate Calorimeter The ESARC The world's best selling and benchmark adiabatic calorimeter. Giving full adiabatic runaway information for both temperature and pressure events. The modular design allows extra features to be added as necessary without prohibitive upgrade costs. Standard safety features include, automatic door locking, fume extraction, a software independent heating fail-safe and blast-proof reinforced steel enclosure. ES ARC • World's best-selling and benchmark adiabatic calorimeter • On-set detection from 0.005°C/min • Electronics housed in lower section with...

Manual sample system for gas SSM collection Chamber dimensions 9cm diameter 10cm depth Temperature range Ambient * to 600°C Adiabatic Ramping Control modes Isothermal Isoperibolic Step Isothermal Control / Analysis NI Labview based Software Electrical requirement 200-250V, 16A 3.5kW Dimensions (L x W x H) Electronic s & Blast Box 80cm x 70cm x 167cm Blast Box (door open) 80cm x 150cm x 157cm For temperature application, -40°C CSU start temperature Single sample gas collection during or SSS after test into collection vessel, up to 4 litre sample Gas collection, 4 samples - automatic SSU...

DTBP: Di-tertiary butyl peroxide DTBP is an organic peroxide that has been used over many years as the standard sample to evaluate the performance of the ARC. This sample gives a simple decomposition that is well characterised. The sample is diluted with toluene to a concentration of 20wt%. Two data files are generated, the real time (*.dat) file contains all data and the exotherm only data file (*.exo). Real time datasets are used to evaluate the entire run, with exotherm files used for analysis. Zoomed to show Data After The four graphs show temperature and pressure data plot against...

/ Standard Sample Data 20% DTBP DTBP: Di-tertiary butyl peroxide Time to Maximum Rate, TMR, is a key graph obtained from the ARC test which indicates time available prior to explosion. From this graph, with phi correction, and with knowledge of heat loss from the container or vessel, maximum safe temperate or vessel size can be determined. Further analysis allows Temperature of No Return (TNR) and self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) to be determined. Kinetic Model graphs and associated tabular data can be calculated when the data obeys classical kinetics. This allows...

/ Applications of the ARC Temperature Rate and Pressure Rate as a Function of Temperature Reactive Chemicals Peroxides, azo dyes, nitro compounds and others with reactive groups, plus intermediates and additives that contain potentially more than two or three reactive groups are the major types of sample tested in the ARC. Data is shown here for AIBN (an Azo initiator), Benzoyl Peroxide and NMTS, the original sample tested and reported by Dow Chemical. Temperature Rate and Pressure Rate as a Function of Temperature Temperature Rate and Pressure Rate as a Function of Temperature Monomers...

Adiabatic Self Heating of Energetic Substances Stability, onset of reaction, batch-tobatch variation, compatibility, and ageing are all areas of interest for Civilian and Military explosives. This is an application well suited to the ARC and where the ARC is extensively used worldwide. The illustration, used with permission, illustrates a number of well known high explosives. Intermediate Selection Temperature as a Function of Time In production processes there is often a choice of intermediates and there may be various catalysts or other additives that can be used. The stability of all...

Oil (Oxidation) The characteristics of oil samples are important, particularly when Enhanced Oilfield Recovery techniques are being used which incorporates in situ combustion. Oils have low and high temperature oxidation regions. ARC testing is typically carried out at very high initial pressure (e.g. 100bar). Testing is carried out with the oil alone or with rock and water. Graphs below indicate differing oil samples. Epoxy Resins Comparison with DSC Data Epoxy resins are used universally and manufactured in bulk by many well known large chemical companies. The results from three...

Options under software control require the OSU within the electronics cabinet

Options THT has worked with a variety of users to develop options to extend the use of the ARC and make it more flexible and versatile. Options may be manual or automatic. Automatic options are under ARC software control. Fast Tracking FTO Fast Tracking Option • A thin metal alloy shield and fast acting heater to extend adiabatic control to rates of upto 400°C/min. • Useful for for vent sizing assessment and tests where it may be necessary and important to get reliable data from fast reacting system. • Typically used with low phi sample holders. The burst disk assembly may also be used....

Dosing • MDU Manual Dosing Unit for addition at ambient pressure via 10ml glass syringe at start of test • ADU Automatic Dosing Unit. Software controlled addition during test at elevated temperature and pressure Syringe options • 10ml syringe (50^L - 10ml/min) up to 300bar • 20ml syringe (100pL - 20ml/min) up to 150bar Stirring and Agitation ASU Automatic Stirring Unit. MSU Manual Stirring Unit. • Magnetically coupled stirring with software controlled speed from 120-540rpm • Fixed speed of 260rpm with MSU • Agitation achieved by varied directional stirring at user defined time interval •...