Foreword: The document emphasizes the importance of water conservation and efficient reuse, particularly in areas where water demand exceeds natural replenishment. Cooling towers are highlighted as a solution for re-cooling and reusing water, thus conserving natural resources and minimizing environmental impact. The text aims to provide foundational knowledge for those involved in the specification, purchasing, and operation of cooling systems, ensuring they meet design and environmental requirements.

Drift Eliminators: Drift eliminators are crucial for minimizing water loss and environmental impact. Materials used for drift eliminators should be corrosion-resistant, with treated wood and plastics like PVC being common choices. Advances in technology have reduced drift levels significantly, with smaller towers achieving levels as low as 0.02% of the circulating water rate.

Casing: The casing of a cooling tower serves multiple functions, including containing water, providing an air plenum for the fan, and transmitting wind loads. It must be watertight, corrosion-resistant, and fire-retardant. Common materials include fire-retardant fiber-reinforced polyester panels for wood or steel-framed towers, galvanized steel for factory-assembled towers, and precast concrete for concrete towers.

Louvers: Louvers are essential for retaining circulating water and equalizing air flow. They must support snow and ice loads and contribute to efficient operation in cold weather. Materials used include fire-retardant fiber-reinforced polyester, treated Douglas Fir plywood, galvanized steel, and precast concrete. The design of louvers has evolved to improve water management and aesthetic appearance.

Fire Protection: Fire protection measures in cooling towers can influence insurance premiums. Modifications such as using fire-retardant materials, covering top areas with fireproof materials, and designing partition walls as fire barriers can enhance safety. The cost of these modifications should be weighed against the benefits of reduced insurance premiums and the cost of installing a fire protection sprinkler system.