Quality Control of Hydrogen

The Coming Hydrogen Energy Society Fuel cells for domestic use and fuel cell vehicles (FCV) are gradually becoming more common. Fuel cells produce electricity from hydrogen and are indispensable when it comes to realizing a hydrogen energy society. Hydrogen can be produced by various industrial processes, and its conversion with electrical power is easy. Therefore, its use as a fuel for thermal electrical power generation and for storage of natural energy, such as solar and wind, is being evaluated as the hydrogen energy society comes into focus. Measurement of Trace Impurity Analysis of Hydrogen...

Analysis of Impurities in Hydrogen Impurities in hydrogen production affect subsequent industrial processes. Consequently, strict purity standards have been defined for hydrogen used in fuel cells (ISO 14687-2023). This is because if hydrogen contains carbon monoxide, sulfur components, etc., the catalyst of the fuel cell will be damaged. The hydrogen fuel standard for FCVs (ISO 14687 Type II Grade D) defines many items to be controlled, and Shimadzu analytical instruments can play a role in analyzing these items. Total Hydrocarbons (except CH4) Total sulfur compounds Halogen compounds ISO14687-2023...

Hydrogen Carrier Hydrogen is difficult to store and transport long distances efficiently when left as a gas. A hydrogen carrier is an efficient way of storing and transporting hydrogen in the form of a liquid or a hydrogenated compound. Methods include liquefying the hydrogen or increasing the density of the compressed hydrogen gas. Another method involves converting the hydrogen into another substance that has a high hydrogen density and is more easily handled (such as organic hydrides, ammonia, or formic acid) and then removing the hydrogen from this substance for use. Rather than removing...

Measurement of Impurities in Hydrogen Gas Trace Impurity Analysis of Hydrogen Fuel in Fuel Cell Vehicle-Related Fields If impurities exist in the hydrogen used in fuel cell vehicles, they may poison the catalyst in the cell, reducing catalytic performance. This makes analyzing for impurities in hydrogen a vital task. Using a barrier discharge ionization detector (BID) with a gas chromatograph enables the highsensitivity analysis of carbon monoxide in hydrogen and the batch analysis of impurities in the ■ Measurement Results (Extract) A Micropacked ST column supports separation of inorganic gasses,...

Measurement of Impurities in Hydrogen Gas Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer Analysis of Inorganic Gases and Hydrocarbons by GC-MS It is important to measure hydrocarbons as well as N2, N2O and other inorganic gases in hydrogen. If hydrogen fuel contains inorganic gases such as N2 and N2O or hydrocarbons, the internal fuel cell mechanism will deteriorate. Measurement of both gases contained in hydrogen is also important. Inorganic gases and gaseous hydrocarbons can be measured using a porous layer open tubular (PLOT) column. ■ Measurement Results (Extract) A total ion current chromatogram is...

Measurement of Impurities in Hydrogen Gas Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer High-Resolution Analysis of Carbon Monoxide (CO) FTIR is being used for analysis of gases in various industries, such as the gas manufacturing industry where it is used for production management, and for gas monitoring in such fields as chemical manufacturing and semiconductor manufacturing. • An FTIR with high-resolution can quantify the gas. • An FTIR can analyze a gas in real time. ■ Measurement Results (Extract) Correction Height Using CO as an example of a low-molecular weight gas, we measured the spectra...

Hydrogen Carrier Total Organic Carbon Analyzer TOC Evaluation of Ammonia Solution Application Ammonia is a focus of interest as a hydrogen carrier. Because high-purity levels are required, measuring for impurities is important. Measurements of organic impurities in ammonia water, which is formed by dissolving ammonia in water, can be performed using TOC analysis. This provides an easy way of monitoring the organic ■ Measurement Results (Extract) Potassium hydrogen phthalate was added to a 2% ammonia solution to achieve TOC concentrations of 1 mgC/L, 5 mgC/L, and 10 mgC/L, respectively. The total...

Hydrogen Carrier High-Sensitivity Analysis of Ammonia in Water Ammonia is a focus of attention as a hydrogen carrier because of its large energy density per unit volume and how easy it is to store and transport. At the same time, it is known to be toxic and bad smelling, so leakage into the environment is viewed as a problem. Using a barrier discharge ionization detector (BID) with a gas chromatograph enables a ppm-order analysis of ammonia in water. ■ Measurement Results (Extract) Ammonia and methylamine were diluted with water to prepare solutions at 4.8 ppm and 24 ppm, respectively, and the...

Hydrogen Carrier Analysis of Hydrogen in Solution Application To use the hydrogen in MCH or ammonia, it must be removed from the hydrogen carrier, so analyses of the hydrogen in the solution and gas are necessary. Using barrier discharge ionization detectors (BID) enables the high-sensitivity analysis of hydrogen ■ Measurement Results (Extract) With hydrogen and methane as the target analytes, hexanes, toluene and water were used as the dissolving solutions in this experiment. Gas samples at the concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 500, 1,000, and 5,000 ppm (v/v) were prepared by diluting the standard...

Hydrogen Carrier Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer Analysis of Toluene, Methylcyclohexane (MCH) in Solution When MCH is used as the hydrogen carrier, toluene is produced when the hydrogen is removed from the MCH, so the MCH and toluene in the solution must be analyzed. Many organic solvents, including toluene and MCH, in a solution can be analyzed using GC-MS. benefits ■ Measurement Results (Extract) Fig. 15 shows the TIC chromatogram from a GC-MS analysis of 56 organic solvents, including toluene and MCH, eluted with carbon disulfide. 1. n-Hexane, 2. Ethyl ether, 3. Methylcyclohexane, 4. Acetone,...