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Application Note - Trace Moisture in PET

Application Note - Trace Moisture in PET

Product catalog summary
Introduction
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is a widely used thermoplastic polymer, particularly in the production of bottles for beverages, food, and other consumer goods. Ensuring optimal product quality in PET bottle manufacturing requires precise control of several parameters, with trace moisture measurement being one of the most critical.
What is PET and How is it Used?
PET is known for its high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent chemical resistance, and good barrier properties against gases and moisture. It is commonly used in beverage bottles, food packaging, personal care containers, and synthetic fibers.
Moisture Problems in PET Bottle Manufacture
Moisture content in PET must be strictly controlled due to its hygroscopic nature. Excess moisture during processing can lead to hydrolytic degradation, loss of mechanical strength, surface defects, and reduced barrier properties.
Typical Moisture Related Defects
  • Brittleness: Caused by chain scission due to water, leading to cracking and breakage.
  • Haze/Discolouration: Resulting from degradation by hydrolysis, affecting appearance.
  • Bubbles: Caused by vaporization of moisture, creating weak spots and leaks.
Solutions and Key Steps
  • Pre-Drying PET Pellets: PET resin is dried to below 50 ppm moisture using desiccant dryers.
  • Moisture Measurement Techniques: Capacitance sensors for fast, inline monitoring and dew point meters for monitoring dryer performance.
  • Process Control: Continuous monitoring with automated alarms and feedback loops to prevent processing of wet resin.
References to Applicable Standards
  • ISO 15512: Plastics — Determination of Water Content
  • ASTM D7191: Standard Practice for Quality Assurance of PET Resin
Conclusion
Trace moisture measurement is essential in PET bottle manufacturing to prevent defects, maintain mechanical strength, and ensure compliance with industry standards. Implementing robust moisture control and monitoring systems helps achieve consistent product quality and reduce waste, supporting operational efficiency and customer satisfaction.
Contact Information
For advice on choosing the right product for your application, contact Shaw Meters at +44 (0) 1274 733582 or [email protected].
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Catalog excerpts

Application Note - Trace Moisture in PET-1

Application Note MOISTURE METERS Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is a widely used thermoplastic polymer, especially in the production of bottles for beverages, food, and other consumer goods. Ensuring optimal product quality in PET bottle manufacturing requires precise control of several parameters, with trace moisture measurement being one of the most critical. PET is a strong, lightweight, and transparent plastic. Its key properties include: • High strength-to-weight ratio • Excellent chemical resistance • Good barrier properties against gases and moisture Applications of PET • Beverage bottles (water, soft drinks, juices) • Food packaging • Personal care containers • Synthetic fibres (polyester) During PET processing, moisture content must be strictly controlled. PET is hygroscopic, meaning it absorbs moisture from the environment. If PET pellets contain excess moisture during melting and molding, several issues can arise: Hydrolytic Degradation Water reacts with PET at high temperatures, breaking polymer chains and reducing molecular weight. Loss of Mechanical Strength Degraded PET leads to brittle bottles with poor impact resistance. Surface Defects Increased haze, bubbles, and discoloration in finished bottles. Reduced Barrier Properties Compromised ability to protect contents from oxygen and CO2 ingress. PET resin is typically dried to below 50 ppm (0.005%) moisture before processing, using desiccant dryers. Moisture Measurement Techniques Capacitance Sensors: Fast, inline monitoring. Dew Point Meters: Monitor dryer performance. Process Control Continuous monitoring ensures consistent low moisture. Automated alarms and feedback loops prevent processing of wet resin. ISO 15512: Plastics — Determination of Water Content ASTM D7191: Standard Practice for Quality Assurance of PET Resin Trace moisture measurement is essential in PET bottle manufacturing to prevent product defects, maintain mechanical strength, and ensure compliance with industry standards. By implementing robust moisture control and monitoring systems, manufacturers can achieve consistent product quality and reduce waste, supporting both operational efficiency and customer satisfaction. We design and manufacture dewpoint instruments for many different applications. For advice, choosing the right product for your application, please contact us:

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