Crystic Handbook
100Pages

CRYSTIC COMPOSITES HANDBOOK >

Performance Resins in Composites >

The Crystic family of resins is at the heart of our success. In 1946 Scott Bader were the first UK company to manufacture unsaturated polyester resins in Europe. In 1953 the Crystic range of polyesters was introduced and its revolutionary applications have meant that Crystic has been the byword for superior technological achievement ever since. >

Plastics The nature of reinforced plastics > Resins Unsaturated polyesters - DCPD polyesters - Epoxies - Vinyl esters - Phenolics - Hybrids Reinforcements Glass fibre - Carbon fibre - Polyaramid fibre - Glass combinations - Hybrid combinations Speciality materials Catalysts MEKPs - CHPҒs - AAPs - BPOҒs - TBPOs & TBPBҒs Accelerators Cobalts - Amines Fillers Calcium carbonate - Talc - Metal powders - Silica - Microspheres - Alumina tri-hydrate Pigments Polyester pigment pastes Release Agents Polyvinyl alcohol - Wax - Semi-permanents - Wax/semi- permanent hybrids - Release film - Internal...

General concepts Mechanical properties Fire performance Fire tests - Low fire hazard Crystic resins Environmental properties Cast resins - Glass reinforced laminates - Polyaramid and carbon reinforced laminates - Sandwich construction - Thermal and electrical properties Weather and water resistance - Chemical resistance > Un-reinforced polyester resin - Body filler - Button casting - Embedding and potting - Decorative casting - Flooring - Polyester concrete - Polyester marble and onyx - Solid surfaces Reinforced polyester resin - Chemical containment - Marine - Matched performance marine...

page1 Comparative properties of cast un-reinforced resins and fibres 452 Typical properties of glass reinforced composites compared with steel and aluminium alloy 47 3 Comparative properties of glass, polyaramid and carbon reinforced polyester laminates 474 Percentage retention of tensile properties at various temperatures. CSM reinforced isophthalic polyester resin with an HDT of 116C 50 5 Minimum properties of reinforced laminate plies 50 6 Comparative thermal properties 52 7 Typical thermal and electrical properties of cast polyester resin 528 Classification for external fire exposure...

page 1 Derivation of compounds used in the manufacture of a typical polyester resin 102 Specific tensile strength - steel, aluminium and GFRP 403 Specific tensile modulus - steel, aluminium and GFRP 404 Comparative material and fabrication costs for component manufacture 415 Effect of glass content on the tensile strength of random glass reinforced polyester laminates 466 Effect of glass content and orientation on the tensile strength of random glass reinforced polyester laminates 467 Effect of glass content and orientation on the tensile strength of glass reinforced polyester laminates 468...

All information is given in good faith but without warranty. We cannot accept responsibility or liability for any damage, loss or patent infringement resulting from the use of this information.Copyright (c) 2005 Scott Bader Company Limited 3 >

The term plasticӔ is used to describe the moulded form of a synthetic (i.e. man-made) resin. These resins are composed of large, chain-like molecules known as polymers, which also occur naturally as, for example, cellulose, protein and rubber. Most synthetic resins are made from chemicals derived from oil and it is these man-made polymers which are used to produce what are commonly known as plasticsӔ.Plastics in their various forms have existed since the late 19th century, but most of the materials referred to as plastics today have been developed during the past 50 years.A large variety of...

Several resin types are employed in the manufacture of composite products. All of these resins are thermosets but they differ in their chemical make-up, thus exhibiting diverse properties. This means that manufacturers can choose resins which enable them to tailor their products to meet specific requirements. This handbook is concerned mainly with Crystic > polyester resins, but other types such as vinyl ester, epoxy, DCPD, phenolic and also hybrid systems are described in this section. > Crystic resins are unsaturated polyesters. The raw materials used for the manufacture of unsaturated...

The use of DCPD (Dicyclopentadiene) in unsaturated polyester resin manufacture was first introduced in the United States in the late 1970s. Since that time, its commercial use has developed and resins containing DCPD are now produced worldwide.There are two basic methods of producing DCPD polyesters, as follows :- > This method involves an initial reaction using three components :- A: Maleic Anhydride B: Water C: DCPD These three components are reacted together at a temperature lower than 130 > Һ C, to produce what is known as an acid functionalised end capӔ. A further reaction is then...

i) Amines (di - functional) Cure is effected by two epoxy groups reacting with one primary amine and these are most widely used for standardђ room temperature applications. As there are health implications with free amines, these systems are often supplied as amine adducts. ii) Polyamides iii) Anhydrides These curing agents react only with heat and need temperatures between 120 > C and 140 > ں C to be effective. They are used in high temperature applications such as filled, sanitary ware systems.Epoxy resins are highly chemical and corrosion resistant. They have good physical properties and...

Phenolic resins are polycondensates of phenols and aldehydes, or ketones and were first discovered in the late 19th century. The use of phenolic resins in the composites industry is relatively small, though growing and the most common type used is an aqueous resole phenol formaldehyde system, which cures in the presence of an acid catalyst. Phenolics are best suited to applications requiring high levels of fire retardancy, coupled with low smoke emission and low toxicity.Due to the nature of the resin and catalyst systems, effective health and safety procedures and efficient...