Ex Basics
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A Phoenix Mecano Company

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General information 3.) Explosion protection measures (IEC standard) 5 3.3.1) Types of protection in gas atmosphere 13 3.3.2) Types of protection in combustible 6.) Explosion protection in North America 7.) Correct selection and configuration of 7.3) Local Control Stations 40 The brochure has been carefully compiled in accordance with the current version of standards and directives. The current version of the individual technical and legal regulations is binding. Mistakes and printing errors do not imply any claim for damages. All rights, especially the right of copying, distribu- tion and...

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Ex Basics - Explosion Protection Basics 1. General information An explosive atmosphere is a mixture composed of air and combustible gases, vapours, mist or dust under atmospheric conditions, which, once ignited, allows the combustion process to spread and include the entire mixture. In the field of the chemical and petro-chemical industry, explosive atmospheres are frequently encountered as a result of technical processing sequences. However, processes in the food industry, in mills and silos generate combustible dust, leading to a combustible atmosphere in conjunction with oxygen. Methane...

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2. Explosion An explosion is an oxidation or decomposition reaction in conjunction with a sudden rise in temperature, pressure or both simultaneously (definition acc. to EN 1127-1). This generates a sudden expansion of the gas volume and the release of large quantities of energy in a small space. The simultaneous existence of three factors is the prerequisite for an explosion to occur: - combustible material - oxygen - ignition source Prerequisite for the mixture to ignite and the subsequent explosion is a sufficient quantity of all three factors. Combustible substances are gases, fluids or...

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Explosion protection measures 3. Explosion protection measures (IEC standard) This term encompasses all protection measures and regulations relevant for the construction, production and installation of electrical / electronic devices in explosion endangered areas. In general, there are two types: - Primary explosion protection: Measures to prevent the creation of an explosive atmosphere - Secondary explosion protection: Measures to prevent the ignition of an explosive atmosphere Knowing that an explosive atmosphere is generated in many processes, manufacturers of electrical equipment have...

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Explosion protection measures Devices to be used in other areas that could be endangered by an explosive atmosphere. Device group II Devices to be used in the other areas that might be endangered by an explosive atmosphere. Subdivision into categories: 1G (zone 0) Devices of Group II are subdivided into three categories (1-3) reflecting different safety levels. The required protection measures must be adapted to the individually required safety level: Category 1: Devices and systems are distinguished by a "very high degree" of safety Category 2: Devices and systems offer a "high degree" of...

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Zone classification Measures for dust explosion protection are listed in IEC/EN 60079 and IEC/EN 61241.. Electrical equipment for areas subject to combustible dust EN 3.1 Zone classification Explosion endangered atmospheres are subdivided into zones reflecting the probability of their occurrence. In accordance with the Ex regulations, the zones are defined as follows: I Gases and vapours (EN / IEC 60079-10): Zone 0: Area subject to permanent, long-period or frequent presence of a dangerous explosive gas atmosphere. Typically, these conditions are found inside containers, pipework, apparatus...

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Zone classification II Areas subject to combustible dust (EN 61241-14) Zone 20: Area subject to constant, long-period or frequent explosive atmosphere consisting of dust/air mixtures. Zone 21: Area in which an explosive atmosphere consisting of a dust/air mixture can be occasionally expected. Zone 22: Area not susceptible to an explosive atmosphere caused by swirled up dust. Its occurrence, if at all, will in all probability be infrequent and short-period. Electrical equipment is subdivided into 3 categories 1, 2, 3 in accordance with its permitted use within the zones. Identification Use...

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Zone classification Identification Use in zone of the units according to categories combustible material Combustible dust Areas subject to permanent, long-period or frequent presence of an explosive atmosphere Combustible dust Area in which a dangerous explosive dust atmosphere can be occasionally expected during regular operation. This includes the close vicinity to zone 20 as well as close areas around filling and discharging devices. Combustible dust Areas infrequently subject to an explosive atmosphere and, if at all, only shortperiod. Ignitability and the ability of an ignition...

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Temperature classes 3.2 Temperature classes The subdivision of the different gases and vapours according to minimum ignition energies into explosion or gas groups is insufficient to adequately describe gases and vapours with regard to their explosive properties. On the one hand, gas can be brought to explosion by exceeding the ignition energy, but, on the other hand, can also be caused by high temperature, e.g. a hot surface. This ignition temperature, however, is generally not connected to the ignition energy, in other words, a gas with a low ignition energy must not necessarily explode at...

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Temperature classes The surface temperature of equipment results from the ambient temperature and its intrinsic heat generated by the power dissipation of the electrical devices accommodated in the enclosure. Combustible dust requires a considerably more detailed evaluation of the characteristic technical safety values. 1. Dust mixtures having a particle size of up to 400 µm are ignitable 2. Dust atmospheres are ignitable in concentrations of 60 g/m³ and 2 kg/m³ 3. The ignition temperatures of combustible dust mixtures range between 240°C and 500 °C; depending on the type, for foodstuff and...

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