Kenneth Rasmussen

• Welcome & Introduction • Test sites & chambers for Fieldstrength testing • Overview of R&S products for EMI testing

Definition of ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) "The ability of devices and systems to operate in their electromagnetic environment without impairing their functions and without faults and vice versa, i. e. to ensure that operation does not influence the electromagnetic environment to the extent that the functions of other devices and systems are adversely EMS: Susceptibility (immunity) aspect EMI: Emission aspect < Focus of this presentation

generator of signal path interfering energy ROHDE&SCHWARZ 03/2011 | R&S Precompliance Solutions | 5 interfering energy

interference propagatior source medium

Electromagnetic Compatibility

Technical sources of RF disturbances natural sources atmospheric noise galactic noise electrostatic discharge intentional generation radio communication data transmission radio monitoring technical sources medical (diathermy, radiology) household (|jwave oven, inductive heating plate) power electronics energy distribution commutating motors

CISPR standards (excerpt from more than 30) Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio-frequency equipment (excluding surgical diathermy equipment) Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of vehicles, motor boats and spark-ignited engine-driven Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of sound and television receivers Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of household electrical appliances, portable tools and similar electrical...

Introduction of CISPR 20 (immunity of radio/TV) Electromagnetic interference of radio and TV-sets by other radiocommunication services

Military examples - Crashes of the "Blackhawk" helicopter caused by susceptibility of onboard electronics to electro magnetic fields. "Radio Free Europe". of the German Armed Forces (WTD 81): Reaction on the crash of the TORNADO at Holzkirchen. Project costs: Approx. 25 M€

consultant, test houses

EMC processes: Types of testing

(near field) (near field) ROHDE&SCHWARZ OS/2011 | R&S Precompliance Solutions | 14

Traditional non-military EMC model for testing ROHDE&SCHWARZ OS/2011 | R&S Precompliance Solutions | 15

disturbance instrument

ElectroMagnetic Interference (EMI) testing (emission) test method EMI measurement (commercial stds.) EMI fieldstrength (magn. comp.) EMI fieldstrength (magn. comp.) EMI fieldstrength (electr. comp.) EMI fieldstrength (electr. comp.) EMI fieldstrength (electr. comp.) EMI measurements (military stds.) conducted emission (voltage) conducted emission (current) radiated emission

Test Receiver frequency responses test receiver ROHDE&SCHWARZ OS/2011 | R&S Precompliance Solutions | 18

Definition of correction factor 2°y5™î> k(dB[x/|aV]) = output [dBx] - input [dBjaV] „result is level at receiver plus correction" current clamp Electric antenna To be put into magnetic antenna correction factor absorbing clamp table definitions as "unit"-► dB|jV dB[uV/uV] dB|jV dB[uA/uV] dB|jV dB[uV/m/uV] dB|jV dB[|jA/m/|jV] dB|jV dB[pW/|jV] k-factor unit ROHDE&SCHWARZ OS/2011 | R&S Precompliance Solutions | 19

Error correction during measurements by interpolation frequency response linear (polygonous) interpolation |<al i bri erdaten ULTRALOG HL562 Calibration report ULTRALOG HL562 Ideal correction curve^" 1 Gain VSWR frequency response inverse correction curve discrete points ^^interpolation

Correction factors (4) Error correction during measurements by interpolation A linear interpolation spline interpolation frequency response to be corrected f fL(x) = fR(x) fL ‘(x) = fR ‘(x) fL ‘‘(x) = fR‘‘(x) hyperbolic curves (splines) 03/2011 | R&S Precompliance Solutions | 21

Test Receiver Front Panel ROHDE&SCHWARZ 03/2011 | R&S Precompliance Solutions | 22

Test Receiver Display =KTR*Vin test receiver Test Receiver ROHDE&SCHWARZ OS/2011 | R&S Precompliance Solutions | 23

EMI Voltage testing overview Devices under test: all non-military equipment - measurement of conducted EMI as a voltage using a standardized load impedance - frequency range: (9kHz to)150 kHz to 30 MHz (CISPR band A + B) - main equipment: test receiver, AN, ground plane, (artificial hand) - important for the receiver: pulse protection - important for the operator: electrical safety problem

EMI Voltage test: Basic test settings i M ROHDE&SCHWARZ 03/2011 | R&S Precompliance Solutions | 25

EMI voltage test: Basic test setup >200 cm reference ground EUT AN > 200 test receiver 40 cm 30 to 40 cm 80 cm >80 cm 03/2011 | R&S Precompliance Solutions | 26 wooden table

EMI voltage test: Artificial hand (CISPR 14) reference ground plane connection with metal housing parts foil around grip worst case test with and without art. hand ! ROHDE&SCHWARZ OS/2011 | R&S Precompliance Solutions | 27

EMI voltage test: Power mains impedances M ROHDE&SCHWARZ OS/2011 | R&S Precompliance Solutions | 28

EMI voltage test: AN functional principle Names: Artificial Mains Network AMN Artificial Network AN Line Impedance Stabilisation Network LISN filter power supply highpass impedance stabilisation 230 V/50 Hz 110 V/60 Hz DUT 03/2011 | R&S Precompliance Solutions | 29 test receiver

EMI voltage test: V-type LISNs 50Q / 50JIH + 5Q V-Type LISN from 9 kHz to 150 kHz 50Q / S0[xH V-Type LISN from 150 kHz to 30 MHz ROHDE&SCHWARZ OS/2011 | R&S Precompliance Solutions | 30

EMI voltage test: Typical circuit of LISN Artificial Mains Network mains 250 uH 50 uH highpass Test Receiver 8 uF 2 uF 5 1k DUT u_nnb_rs 03/2011 | R&S Precompliance Solutions | 31 50

EMI voltage test: R&S LISNs improved functions