Drilling Fluids The concentration of soluble sulfides or soluble carbonates in a drilling fluid can be determined by the Garrett Gas Train method. The Garrrretttt Gas Trraiin (GGT) measures the concentration of sulfides or carbonates in drilling fluids and drilling fluid filtrates. This measurement gives a quantitative indication of the rate and amount of intrusion of hydrogen sulfide or carbon dioxide from the formation in the drilling fluid. Garrett Gas Train The Fann Garrett Gas Train kit contains all hardware and reagents required to conduct the procedure according to API Recommended Practice 13B-1, ANSI/API 13B-1/ISO 10414-1. Two types of Dräeger tubes are supplied to adequately span the range of hydrogen sulfide concentrations that may be found in water based drilling fluid filtrates and in oil based drilling fluids. CO Dräeger tubes and 1 liter gas bags are 2 supplied for determination of carbonate concentration. Inert carrier gases, both CO and NO are supplied 2 2 for all tests. All items are securely packaged in a waterproof, high-impact plastic carrying case. Hydrogen Sulfide Test Paper discs (supplied) can be used in the Garrett Gas Train to give a qualitative indication of the presence of sulfide. If the presence of sulfide is indicated by darkening of the paper disc, a Dräeger tube should be used for quantitative analysis. Sulfides 2Soluble sulfides include H S and the sulfide (S ) and bisulfide (HS ) ions. Drilling fluid filtrate is acidified in 2 a Garrett Gas Train, converting all sulfides to H S which is evolved by bubbling an inert carrier gas through 2 the sample. The gas train separates the gas from the liquid. The gas stream is passed through a Dräeger tube which responds to H S by darkening along its length. The darkened length is proportional to the total 2 sulfide in the drilling fluid filtrate. The low-range Dräeger tube, H2S 100/a, (0-120 ppm) turns from white to brownish-black. The high-range Dräeger tube, H S 0.2%/A, (60-4080 ppm) turns from pale blue to 2 jet-black. Rigchina Group Co. China 698(switchboard) No.80-82, Qiude Rd,west Cheng Industrial Estate 579 - 87537 696 Yongkang, Zhejiang, China 321300 [email protected] © 2008 Rigchina Group company China. All Rights Reserved

Carbonates 2Total soluble carbonates include CO2 and the carbonate (CO3 ) and bicarbonate (HCO3 ) ions. Drilling fluid filtrate is acidified in a Garrett Gas Train, converting all carbonates to CO , which is then evolved by 2 bubbling an inert carrier gas through the sample. The gas train separates the gas from the liquid. The gas stream is collected in a 1 liter gas bag (to allow CO to mix uniformly) and subsequently drawn through a 2 Dräeger tube at a fixed flow rate. The Dräeger tube responds to CO2 by progressively staining purple along its length. A reaction between CO and a hydrazine chemical...