More Sustainable Raw Materials for Production of High Performance Composite parts
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More Sustainable Raw Materials for Production of High Performance Composite parts Marcin Pazdro Paris, March 10th, 2015

Sustainability A widely accepted definition of SUSTAINABILITY is to "...meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" (Brundtland Commission, 1987). SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTS are those products that provide environmental, social and economic benefits while protecting public health and environment over their whole life cycle, from the extraction of raw materials until the final disposal.

3 pillars of SUSTAINABILITY Sustainable system How to evaluate environmental impacts? Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a methodology used to measure the environmental impact of a product (or a system) over a life cycle. It measures the environmental impacts from extraction of raw materials, through processing, manufacture, refurbishment to eventual end of life and disposal.

A life-cycle All products have an impact on the environment. This impact can occur at any time during the manufacture, use of the product or at end of life. All these different stages are called collectively a life-cycle Cradle-to-gate LCA Cradle-to-gate is an assessment of a partial product life cycle from resource extraction (cradle) to the factory gate (i.e., before it is transported to the consumer). The use phase and disposal phase of the product are omitted in this case.

LCA – Procedure General overview INPUTS Materials Goal and Scope Definition Principal Products Product Design Air Emissions Energy Materials Extraction / Inventory Processing / Sourcing Analysis Improvement Waste Solid Analysis Water Effluents Product Manufacturing Impact Analysis Other Environmental Interactions

Modeling Conceptual model Flow diagram

LCI – Life Cycle Inventory Balance Sheet Input / Output Input Item Quantity Unit Item Quantity Unit Energy, gross calorific value, in biomass [resource/biotic] 1,4-Butanediol [air/high population density] 0,461717747476 MJ 0,000000000034 kg Energy, gross calorific value, in biomass, primary forest [resource/biotic] 0,000039428537 MJ 1-Pentanol [air/high population density] 0,000000000000 kg Peat, in ground [resource/biotic] 0,000196689518 kg 1-Pentene [air/high population density] 0,000000000000 kg Wood, hard, standing [resource/biotic] 0,000008353558 m3 2-Aminopropanol [air/high population...

LCI evaluation + LCIA (EN 15604:2012) /' iikkiL (EN 15604:2012) Stratospheric Ozone Depletion (OOP) PhotochefttCdl Ozone Creation (POCP) Aoiotic Depletior (EN 15604:2012) European Reference Life Cyde Database (ELCD) provided by the European Commission Figures: Kreissig & KummeJ 199?

LCI evaluation + LCIA Chemical CML2001: Acidification potential; GWA100a; Eutrophication potential; Photochemical oxidation; Photochemical oxidation; Stratospheric ozone depletion; EDIP 2003: Land filling; Radioactive waste; Slag and ashes; Bulk waste Land filling; Cumulative Energy Demand: Non-renewable energy res; Nuclear; Prim. forest; Renewable energy res: Solar Wind; GWP factor is a function of: •infrared absorption potential; •absorption spectrum; •the atmospheric life timer; Mass CO2 Eq. = £ [(mass of gas) x (GWP factor)]

For POLYLITE® PO-4672 Acidification Potential GWP 100a Eutrophication potential Ozone depletion By far, the major contributor for these selected Environmental Indicators is manufacturing of raw materials. Proper selection of RM used in formulation of polyester resins is the easiest and most effective way of improving resin’s sustainability

Resin composition vs. LCI What is contribution of various resin components: Resin component Input / Output Generic Materials Parameters Allocations Can high eco-footprint components of a formulation be replaced by low eco footprint components in a resin formulation without compromising resin/composite properties? Collaboration between all partners of the value chain is the KEY to success

rPET - allocation problem The conventional cut off approach has been chosen to define the system boundary: the first life and second life of the material are split into two independent products systems. Based on the cut off principles, the used materials (scrapped PET) from the first life are considered to be waste which does not bear any environmental burden from the first life Recycling production * Based on 2010 PET LCI data by Plastics Europe There is currently no scientific consensus on a single allocation rule which would be accepted by all stakeholders so it is of utmost...

LCA in Product DevelopmentENVIROLITE® 32950-00 - an example of developing new resin system with focus on sustainability Properties! - result of internal testing of the first productio

LCA in Product DevelopmentENVIROLITE® 32950-00 - an example of developing new resin system with focus on sustainability Environmental Indicator

Sustainable Development Reichhold continuously strives to improve the sustainability of its products whenever possible. The company undertakes LCA studies and carefully examine the cradle-to-gate impacts of its raw materials and processes. This makes it possible to compare environmental impacts of specific raw materials and production processes, identify areas requiring improvements and select the most environmentally friendly scenarios for product manufacturing. Make things happen. NORAS’ Develop with LCA in focus Reichhold’s goal is to ensure that all new products will have lower...

Sharing data across the value chain LCA Propriety information is kept confidential

The road to SUSTAINABILITY • Various raw materials have various eco-footprints. By optimizing the composition of the resin the overall environmental footprint of the resin (and thus FRP material) can be greatly improved; • LCA is by far the best method to evaluate environmental aspects of the systems/products, but is only as applicable as the availability of the LCIs. More data - especially for novel and biobased raw materials - is needed; • Common and clear allocation rules and guidance are needed for evaluation of the systems formulated using recycled materials or being recyclable; •...