Piezoelectric Ceramic Products F U N D A M E N TA L S , C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S A N D A P P L I C AT I O N S PIEZO TECHNOLOGY

PI Ceramic – Leaders in Piezoelectric Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Product Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Fundamentals of Piezo Technology Piezoelectric Effect and Piezo Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Electromechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Dynamic Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

PI Ceramic LEADERS IN PIEZOELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY PI Ceramic is one of the world’s market leaders for piezoelectric actuators and sensors. PI Ceramic, or PIC for short, provides everything related to piezo ceramics, from the material and components right through to the complete integration. PI Ceramic provides system solutions for research and industry in all high-tech markets including medical engineering, mechanical engineering and automobile manufacture, or semiconductor technology. Core Competences of PI Ceramic ࣴ Certified Quality PIC develops all its piezoceramic materials itself. To this...

Reliability and Close Contact with our Customers OUR MISSION Piezoceramic components Customized and application-specific ultrasonic transducers/transducers PICMA® monolithic multilayer piezo actuators Miniature piezo actuators PICMA® multilayer bender actuators PICA high-load piezo actuator PT Tube piezo actuators Preloaded actuators with casing Piezocomposites – DuraAct patch transducers Our aim is to maintain high, tested quality for both our standard products and for custom-engineered components. We want you, our customers, to be satisfied with the performance of our products. At PIC, customer...

Developing and manufacturing piezoceramic components are very complex processes. PI Ceramic has many years of experience in this field and has developed sophisticated manufacturing methods. Its machines and equipment are state of the art. Rapid Prototyping The requirements are realized quickly and flexibly in close liaison with the customer. Prototypes and small production runs of custom-engineered piezo components are available after very short processing times. The manufacturing conditions, i.e. the composition of the material or the sintering temperature, for example, are individually adjusted...

Product Overview IN-HOUSE DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION Piezoceramic Materials and Components ࣴ Large variety of materials Linear and shear actuators Tubes, disks and bender elements Flow rate measurement Level measurement Force and acceleration measurement PICMA® Multilayer Actuators ࣴ Long lifetime, unaffected by humidity Flexible cross sections and displacements Resolution to below one nanometer Response time to below one millisecond Bender elements Piezoceramic Stack Actuators ࣴ Forces up to several 10,000 newton High resonant frequencies for fast response times

Cased and Guided Actuators For Improved Protection and Longer Lifetime ࣴ Easy to integrate into all motion systems Versatile cross-sections and lengths or travel ranges With position sensors as an optional extra DuraAct Patch Transducer Versatile Piezo Elements for Smart Structures ࣴ Laminated piezoceramics for mechanical flexibility Hermetically sealed versions Versions with protective air connection Guided actuators with leverage for travel ranges to 400 μm High resonant frequencies for fast response times For high loads up to 4 tons Can be used as an actuator for active vibration compensation...

Piezoelectric Effect and Piezo Technology Piezoelectric materials convert electrical energy into mechanical energy and vice versa. The piezoelectric effect is now used in many everyday products such as lighters, loudspeakers and signal transducers. Piezo actuator technology has also gained acceptance in automotive technology, because piezocontrolled injection valves in combustion engines reduce the transition times and significantly improve the smoothness and exhaust gas quality. From the Physical Effect to Industrial Use Fig. 1. (1) Unit cell with symmetrical, cubic Perovskite structure, T >TC...

Polarization of the Piezoceramics The poling process results in a remnant polarization Pr which coincides with a remnant expansion of the material and When the permissible operating temperature is exceeded, the polarized ceramic depolarizes. The degree of depolarization is depending on the Curie temperature of the material. An electric field of sufficient strength can reverse the polarization direction (see Fig. 4). The link between mechanical and electrical parameters is of crucial significance for the widespread technical utilization of piezo ceramics. One effect of the spontaneous polarization...

electric flux density, or dielectric displacement Polarized piezoelectric materials are characterized by several coefficients and relationships. In simplified form, the basic relationships between the electrical and elastic properties can be represented as follows : mechanical stress electric field mechanical strain piezoelectric charge coefficient εT dielectric permittivity (for T = constant) sE elastic coefficient (for E = constant) Fig. 5. Orthogonal coordinate system to describe the properties of a poled piezoelectric ceramic. The polarization vector is parallel to the 3 (Z)-axis. permittivity...

Elastic Compliance sij The elastic compliance coefficient s is the ratio of the relative deformation S to the mechanical stress T. Mechanical and electrical energy are mutually dependent, the electrical boundary conditions such as the electric flux density D and field E must therefore be taken into consideration. Examples s33E the ratio of the mechanical strain in direction 3 to the mechanical stress in the direction 3, at constant electric field (for E = 0: short circuit). s55D the ratio of a shear strain to the effective shear stress at constant dielectric displacement (for D = 0: open electrodes)....