Overview of ODE Solenoid Valves

This document presents a detailed technical overview of ODE's solenoid valve product range as of June 30, 2002, covering valve types, components, operating principles, applications, standards, and measurement units.

1. Types of Solenoid Valves

• Two-way Valves: Includes direct-acting normally closed (NC), normally open (NO), pilot-operated NC/NO, combined operation NC, and direct-acting proportional valves.
• Three-way Valves: Direct-acting normally closed valves with inlet, outlet, and exhaust ports.
• Beverage Machine Valves: Single and grouped valves designed for hygienic beverage dispensing.
• Five-way Valves: Pneumatic or spring-return types for directional control.
• Specialized Valves: Custom combinations tailored to customer needs.

2. Key Components and Terminology

• Static and Moving Iron Cores: Ferromagnetic parts actuated by coil magnetic fields to open/close valve ports.
• Valve Seat Seals: Control fluid flow, integrated with diaphragms or pistons in pilot-operated valves.
• Coils: Copper wire windings producing magnetic fields; available in various power ratings and electrical interfaces.
• Valve Body and Ports: Structural parts housing fluid passages controlled by seals.

3. Operating Principles

• Direct-acting NC Valves: Coil energization lifts moving core to open valve; pressure differential influences opening force.
• Direct-acting NO Valves: Spring holds valve open; coil energization closes valve.
• Pilot-operated Valves: Use diaphragm/piston actuated by pressure differential; coil controls pilot port to open/close main valve.
• Combined Operation Valves: Combine moving core and diaphragm/piston for operation at low pressure differentials.
• Proportional Valves: Variable opening controlled by coil current; require DC supply and pulse-width modulation control.
• Three-way and Five-way Valves: Control flow among multiple ports; five-way valves require minimum inlet pressure.

4. Proportional Valve Control and Characteristics

• Flow rate depends on coil current and pressure differential.
• Hysteresis effect: flow differs during increasing vs. decreasing coil current.
• Control via DC coil powered by rectangular pulse voltage with adjustable duty cycle (600-800 Hz recommended).
• Applications include medical electronics, industrial automation, and PID process control.

5. Explosion-proof Standards for Coils

• Coils comply with European "EEx" standards and other regional regulations for hazardous atmospheres.
• Protection types include flameproof enclosure ("d"), increased safety ("e"), intrinsic safety ("i"), encapsulation ("m"), etc.
• Hazardous areas classified by gas presence frequency and concentration (zones 0, 1, 2, R).
• Temperature classes (T1 to T6) define maximum surface temperatures to prevent ignition.
• Certified coil markings include EEx d II C T4, EEx m II T4, and EEx de II C T4.

6. Measurement Units and Conversions

• Pressure Units: Pascal (Pa), Bar, At (kg/cm²), Psi, Atm, mm Hg, m H2O with conversion factors.
• Temperature Units: Kelvin (K), Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F) with formulas.
• Force Units: Newton (N), kgf, lb, kip, p, kp, oz, pdl with conversions.
• Power Units: Watt (W), Horsepower (CV/HP), Kcal/h, erg/sec, kW with conversions.
• Length Units: Meter (m) and SI prefixes from exa to atto.
• Kinematic Viscosity Units: m²/s, Stokes, centiStokes, Engler degrees, Redwood viscosities, Saybolt seconds with conversion charts.
• Flow Coefficients: Kv (l/min at 1 bar drop), Cv (gpm at 1 psi drop) with conversion formulas and example calculations.

7. Product Specifications

• Materials: Valve bodies in brass (UNI EN 12165 CW617N) or PMMA; iron cores and springs in stainless steel (AISI 300/400 series); seals in NBR, EPDM, FKM, VMQ, PTFE, Ruby.
• Electrical: Coils rated 8W, 12W, 14W; IEC 335 compliant; connectors ISO 4400 with Pg 9 or Pg 11 glands; protection IP65/IP67.
• Valve Types: Two-way normally closed/open, proportional, explosion-proof (ATEX certified), three-way, five-way, and beverage machine valves.
• Operating Parameters: Max pressures 10-40 bar; temperature ranges -20°C to +140°C depending on seal and coil; viscosity limits up to 53 cSt.
• Connection Standards: ISO 228/1, ANSI/ASME BI.20.1, NPT threads; sizes from G 1/8 to G 2.

8. Spare Parts and Maintenance

• Available kits for coils, moving cores, core tubes, diaphragms, O-rings, seals, springs, pistons.
• Specific codes provided for ordering; explosion-proof models have restricted spare parts due to certification.

9. Certifications and Standards

• Compliance with IEC 335, ISO 4400, EN 60529 (IP65/IP67), ATEX 94/9/CE, and Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/CE.
• NSF certification for beverage machine valves.

10. Recommendations and Limitations

• Respect pressure differential limits to ensure valve operation; pilot-operated valves require minimum pressure differential.
• Avoid outlet throttling reducing pressure differential below 1 bar at high inlet pressure.
• Flow at valve closing should not exceed Kv to prevent diaphragm wear.
• Hydraulic circuit design must consider water hammer effects.
• Proportional valves require DC power with pulse-width modulation control.
• Explosion-proof coils must be selected per hazardous area classification and gas type.
• Select seal materials compatible with media and temperature.

11. Summary and Applications

ODE's solenoid valves offer a broad range of configurations for industrial automation, heating, chemical processing, beverage dispensing, and hazardous environments. The valves are designed for reliability, compliance with international standards, and ease of maintenance. Detailed technical data supports proper selection, installation, and operation.