Thermogravimetric Analysis TG 309 Libra® Method, Technique, Applications Analyzing & Testing

TG 309 Libra® UNLOCKING THE POWER OF THERMOGRAVIMETRY Thermogravimetry has the ability for differentiation between individual components based on their distinct thermal behavior. By analyzing weight-loss profiles, users can deduce the composition of complex samples, enabling deeper understanding of their structure and properties. Revealing the Mysteries of Complex Mixtures and Material Transformations Thermogravimetry (TG) is renowned for its precision and sensitivity. By subjecting a sample to controlled temperature increments while continuously measuring its weight change, TGA can detect even...

■ Compositional analysis Identification ■ Reduction behavior Corrosion studies ■ added carbon black ■ Influence of aging Curie temperatures Reaction kinetics State of hydration Residual solvents Various international standards describe the general principles of thermogravimetry for polymers (ISO 1 1358) or other specific applications, such as compositional analysis for rubber (ASTM D6370) and evaporation loss in lubricating oils (ASTM D6375). Measuring Principle Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is a precise analytical technique used to track changes in the mass of a sample over time and/or temperature...

Sample and crucible Furnace water cooling Furnace heater Radiation shield Sample holder Purge gas sample Thermostatic control balance Sample holder lifting device Protective gas balance chamber

Vertical Design Combined with Top-Loading UltraMicrobalance for Easy and Safe Handling The design of the vacuum-tight TG 309 Libra® ensures free and safe access to the sample, easy crucible exchange (no hang-down wires or horizontal balance beam), and a constant and stable position for the sample carrier in the furnace. This results in homogeneous temperature distribution and high sample-to-sample reproducibility. Magnetic Levitation for Interference-Free Determination of Sample Masses The instrument can be raised using a magnetic levitation system (optional) that lifts and separates the instrument...

Vacuum-Tight by Design for Reproducible Measurement Conditions or cuum f a v r e d f n Tests u separation o d e improv osition steps p decom AutoVac – Reproducible Results The AutoVac* feature allows for software-controlled automatic evacuation and gas filling, thus providing uniform measurement conditions. When mixtures or blends are measured at reduced pressure, boiling point depression can be realized for volatiles (e.g., solvents, plasticizers). This leads to better separation from the decomposition of the component. After release of the volatile, it is possible to backfill with an inert...

Automatically Recognized Sample Holders The Right Sample Carrier1 for Any Application Various sample carriers are available including corrosion-resistant sensors, high-sensitivity c-DTA® sensors for improved monitoring of endo- and exothermic effects, and special sensors for large sample masses. The sample carriers can be changed out in less than one minute and are automatically recognized by the instrument. 1 Sample carriers made of Al2O3 for corrosive gases (right), sample carrier type P made of Platinel® (left) and standard sample carrier with radiation shield (middle).

Automatic Sample Changer Improving Efficiency According to Your Needs The Automatic Sample Changer (ASC) is easily programmed using SmartMode of the Proteus® software. A specific measuring program (method) can be assigned to each sample on the carousel. Different crucible types, different gas atmospheres and individual calibration curves can be handled within the same ASC run. Used samples are – if desired – automatically disposed of in the integrated waste bin. For 24/7 operation, previously measured samples can be continuously replaced by adding new crucibles to the carousel in combination...

Reducing Environmental Influences while Waiting In order to prevent sample materials from being affected by the surrounding conditions – such as humidity – whilst waiting in the queue, the ASC is equipped with a tray cover. The interspace between the sample trays and the cover is purged with a defined gas to reduce contact with the surrounding environment. In addition, a “RemoveCap“ or lid-piercing feature is included to help protect unstable or volatile samples. Covering crucibles with unstable samples while they are waiting to be placed into the furnace minimizes the risk of them evaporating....

BeFlat®– Measurement Results Quickly Obtained 40 No Baseline Run Required – Get to Your Results Faster In typical measurements, in order to ensure correct mass change values, a baseline run is carried out under identical test conditions for variables such as heating rate, gas type, gas flow rate, crucible type and geometry, etc., and subtracted from the sample measurement. The baseline takes instrument and buoyancy influences into consideration. 0.6 0.4 0.2 Baseline with BeFlat® Stable baseline (green) thanks to automatic correction of external influences via TGA-BeFlat® 100 SmartMode TG curve...

Revealing Caloric Effects by Means of c-DTA® 100 More Information through Caloric Effects – c-DTA® c-DTA /K DTG /(%/min) The sample thermocouple is capable of detecting temperature changes within the sample. This makes it possible to also determine endothermic (e.g., melting) and exothermic effects during thermogravimetric experiments and to characterize sample properties in a more comprehensive way. In addition, this opens up a precise option for temperature calibration with DSC standard materials. The c-DTA® signal is calculated by comparing the measured sample temperature with the preset temperature-time...

AutoEvaluation and Identify – Speed Up Results AutoEvaluation – Objective Results Right After a Measurement Identify – The Database for Material Identification and Quality Control AutoEvaluation is the first self-acting evaluation routine on the market and has been continuously improved. For thermogravimetry (TGA) measurements, it autonomously and instantly evaluates all significant mass changes (mass loss or mass gain). It also generates the derivative curve, DTG, and automatically evaluates the corresponding peak temperatures. When AutoEvaluation is incorporated into a measurement method, the...