Proven Excellence. Multiple Module Calorimeter MMC 315 Nexus® ARC, Scanning and Coin Cell Modules Analyzing & Testing

Multiple Module Calorimeter Synergy of Proven Methods Scientists and engineers generally recognize that more product and process information can be obtained by multiple analytical methods rather than using a single technique. Different signals can be recorded, and superimposed sample effects can often be much better explained. The technique has to be reliable, fast and easy to use in everyday operations. The NETZSCH Multiple Module Calorimeter MMC 315 Nexus® is an instrument which can be operated with different modules for the investigation of energetic materials and batteries (coin cells). It...

Advantages and Key Features of the MMC 315 Nexus® ARC Module -Process Safety Knowing the amount of energy released by a given chemical reaction is essential for ensuring safe and reliable processes. The ARC (Accelerating Rate Calorimetry) module allows you to study the worst-case scenarios at elevated temperatures without losing heat to the environment. ARC systems in accordance with ASTM E1981 have been widely used for decades to simulate the behavior of actual large-scale reactors. However, these instruments have a large footprint. In contrast, the MMC 315 Nexus® with ARC module has a space-saving...

Thermal runaway scenarios can be understood by investigating the runaway reaction. Questions arise which can be answered by means of measurements under adiabatic conditions. For this purpose, the NETZSCH MMC 315 Nexus® can be configured with the ARC module, which can also be equipped with VariPhi®. The ARC Module Process Safety What is the thermal behavior of the material? n is l reactio en its a ic m e A ch y' wh 'runawa n rate is e b o t said uctio at prod t losses. own he han hea higher t What is the thermal hazard potential of the material? At what temperature does the reaction occur (onset)?...

Initial heating Heat-Wait-Search Test During a Heat-Wait-Search (HWS) test, the sample is heated to a defined temperature (HEAT) and the system is allowed to settle at this temperature (WAIT). The system then checks whether any temperature rise has occurred that stems from the sample itself (SEARCH). If no rise is detected, the procedure starts again by heating to a higher temperature. In cases where a thermally induced exothermal reaction starts and the self-induced temperature increase of the sample exceeds a predefined value (threshold), the system continues to track the temperature change...

The best way to understand worst case scenarios is to investigate runaway reactions under adiabatic conditions, which means no heat exchange occurs with the sample's environment. The ARC module is able to minimize heat loss from the sample container by maintaining the temperature of the surroundings equal to that of the sample temperature. A defined volume of a sample (ml scale) is placed in a tubeshaped or spherical container which is surrounded by a sophisticated heating system. If there is no temperature difference between the surrounding heaters and the sample, then all the heat generated...

VariPhi® is an additional controlled variable DC heater which is in contact with the sample material (internal heater). It allows for the definition of thermal inertia for a real-world thermal environment by compensating for heat loss from the sample to the container. Since both the sample and the container are under adiabatic conditions, the heat generated by the sample causes not only an increase in its own temperature but also in that of the container. The sample container absorbs some of the energy from its own reaction depending upon its mass and heat capacity. On a small scale, the thermal...

Heat flow /(mW/mg) Self-Decomposition Behavior of DTBP in0.10 Toluene Horizontal Step (110.21 °C - 200.51°C): Thermal Inertia: 1.480 delta T: 90.3 K delta T ideal: 133.7 K react. spec. heat: 280.675 J/g react. total. heat: 1611.075 J Kinetic Parameters, zero baseline, F1 A = 15.152 log (1/s) E = 151.039 kJ/mol n = 1.000 This example shows a test investigating the self-decomposition Area: 29.31 J/g behavior of DTBP in toluene. At 110°C, heat production from the sample's self-decomposition exceeded the exothermal threshold of 0.02 K/min. 156.7°C DueOnset: to this, the HWS mode was changed to an...

MMC with ARC Module and VariPhi in Comparison with Ordinary Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Tests Area: -76.7 J/g Peak: 172.3°C Onset: 169.0°C ↑ exo Area: -2.4 J/g Peak: 94.3°C Onset: 91.1°C -1 Heat flow /(mW/mg) With standard DSC measurements, endo- and exothermal effects are monitored under isothermal or increasing temperature at atmospheric pressure. Usually, the measurement is carried out and evaluated up to the point at which the material melts. The sample is placed in an open crucible or sealed in an aluminum pan with a pierced lid. Area: -23.3 J/g Peak: 65.3°C Onset: 53.2°C Area:...

Key Technical Data for the Scanning Module The Scanning module has an additional heater which is positioned on the outside of the sample container. This allows for a defined input of power in order to be able to separate endo- and exothermal effects. The Scanning module is useful for running isothermal and constant temperature ramp tests, especially in experiments where reaction energies are higher. The Scanning module is especially suitable for small masses of highly energetic samples. Temperature range Temperature readability Heating rate Pressure limit Pressure readability Sample container...

Heat flow Voltage Current Heat flow /(mW/mg) Besides sulfur and charcoal, KNO3 is used for the synthesis of gunpowder. It is also used in food preservation (E252) and as an important potassium- and nitrogen-containing fertilizer. This measurement was carried out in scanning mode with a constant power input of 200 mW. Two endothermal effects, at 129°C (peak area of -45 J/g) and at 334°C (-87 J/g), are related to phase transitions. Measurement on potassium nitrate using the Scanning module ↑ exo Heat flow /(mW/mg) Heat flow /(mW) Redox reactions that occur rapidly with the production of gases (e.g.,...