Data Acquisition and Signal Conditioning Counter/Timer Overview Counter/Timer Overview You can use the versatile National Instruments counter/timer devices to create a wide variety of measurement solutions, including measuring a number of time-related quantities, counting events or totalizing, and monitoring position with quadrature encoders. You can also use counter/timers to generate pulses and pulse trains. Counter/timers often fulfill critical timing functions as components of complex measurement systems. The NI 660x counter/timers use the NI-TIO, a National Instruments ASIC chip specifically designed to meet the counting and timing requirements of measurement applications that are beyond the capabilities of off-the-shelf components. The wider functionality and simple programming interface make the NI 660x your best choice for counting and timing applications. Example applications include frequency measurement, position measurement, generation of retriggerable pulses, frequency shiftkeying, two-signal edge separation measurements, continuous buffered event counting, and continuous buffered pulse train measurements. The NI 660x counter/timer devices are readily integrated into measurement systems that require synchronization across multiple hardware devices because they are equipped with the National Instruments PXI trigger bus or the RTSI bus. See the counter/timer tutorial on page 789 for more information. In addition to counter/timer functionality, the NI 660x products include TTL/CMOS-compatible digital I/O ports that are bit configurable for input or output. Counter/Timer Size or Number of Bits The counter size or number of bits indicates how high a counter can count. For example, a 32-bit counter can count up to 232-1 or 4,294,967,295 before it rolls over. A high number of bits is beneficial in cases such as pulse width measurements where a wide dynamic range is required. For example, if you measure pulse widths with a 12.5 ns resolution (80 MHz timebase) using a counter/timer with 32 bits, you can measure pulse widths up to 53 s [(232-1) x 12.5 ns)] with 12.5 ns resolution. Maximum Source Frequency Counter/Timer Considerations Number of Counter/Timers The counter/timer is a basic unit of hardware functionality on a measurement device. The more counter/timers there are on a device, the more counting/timing operations that device can simultaneously perform. The number of DMA channels determines how many buffered, high-speed operations can be simultaneously performed. See page 393 for more information. Size 32 bits 32 bits Compatibility 5 V TTL/CMOS 5 V TTL/CMOS Maximum source frequency represents the speed of the fastest signal the counter can count. If you use a higher source frequency, you can achieve higher resolution. For example, an 80 MHz counter can count pulses that are 12.5 ns (1⁄80 x 10 ) apart. You can use prescalers to increase the maximum source frequency for event counting and frequency measurement. 6 Debouncing/ Glitch Oscillator Removal Stability ✓ 50 ppm ✓ 50 ppm ✓ Source Frequency with prescalers is 60 MHz for the NI 6601 and 125 MHz for the NI 6602 and NI 6608. These frequencies are dependent on drive strength of input signal and cable length. Consider these speeds to be the maximum. 2DMA transfers have higher throughput than interrupt transfers. See page 393 for detailed specifications. National Instruments • Tel: (800) 433-3488 • Fax: (512) 683-9300 • [email protected]

Counter/Timer Overview Signal compatibility indicates the signal levels a counter/timer can measure or output, such as TTL/CMOS. Timebase Stability Timebase stability can be important when you need to make highquality measurements. Crystal oscillators typically form the basis of electrical circuits used to drive timing of a measurement application. In an ideal case, the oscillation frequency would be constant, but in reality, many factors influence the the behavior of an oscillator. A commonly used measure of quality for an oscillator is stability. Start of Measurement Debouncing and Glitch Removal...

32-Bit Counter/Timers NI 660x • Up to eight 32-bit counter/timers • 80 MHz maximum source frequency (125 MHz with prescalers) • Debouncing and glitch removal • High-stability timebase (PXI-6608 only) • GPS-based synchronization (PXI-6608 only) • NI DAQ driver simplifies configuration and measurements Operating Systems • Windows 2000/NT/XP • Real-time performance with LabVIEW (p. 134) • Others such as Linux and Mac OS X (page 187) Recommended Software • LabVIEW • LabWindows/CVI • Measurement Studio Other Compatible Software • Visual Basic • Visual C/C++, C# Driver Software (included) • NI-DAQ...

32-Bit Counter/Timers Synchronizing Networked Measurements with GPS The NI PXI-6608 module includes a high-stability 10 MHz oven-controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO) for high-precision applications. When the PXI-6608 is installed in the star trigger slot of a PXI chassis (Slot 2), you can drive the OCXO signal to the PXI backplane for high-stability timing of your entire measurement system. The PXI-6602 and PXI-6608 feature phase-lock loop (PLL) circuitry so that the devices can synchronize their reference clocks to the backplane. You can correlate measurements performed in a wide area using...

Counter/Timer Accessories and Cables Counter/Timer Accessories and Cables Accessory and Cable Selection Process Step 1. Select your counter/timer device from Tables 1 and 2. Step 2. Using Tables 1 and 2 as a guide, determine which accessories are appropriate for that device. Select an accessory using Table 3 as reference. Step 3. Using Tables 1 and 2, determine the appropriate cable solution for your selected counter/timer device and accessory. Accessories Figure 1. BNC-2121 Connector Block Data Acquisition and Signal Conditioning Table 1. Accessories and Cables for PXI-6601 and PCI-6602 Cables...

Counter/Timer Accessories and Cables SCB-68 Shielded I/O Connector Block (See Figure 3) TBX-68 I/O Connector Block with DIN-Rail Mounting (See Figure 5) Figure 4. TB-2715 I/O Terminal Block Figure 5. TBX-68 I/O Connector Block Data Acquisition and Signal Conditioning Figure 6. CB-68LP and CB-68LPR I/O Connector Blocks National Instruments • Tel: (800) 433-3488 • Fax: (512) 683-9300 • [email protected]