MCQ Gas Blender 100 Series High Performance Gas flow Dilutor & Gas flow Mixing System with User Interface www.mcqinst.com Gas Blender 100 Series Application Note 1/4 Introduction Over the last century, the hemoglobin study has been, and still is, the keystone in our understanding of human physiology. The importance of the role of hemoglobin and the studies undertaken over this molecule have allowed, starting from the pioneering works of enlightened minds such as Linus Pauling, Max Perutz and many others until today worldwide research, the birth and maturation of a new scientific branch: the molecular medicine. Being a fundamental component in the complex respiratory system of all the vertebrates, the hemoglobin has always been a high interesting scientific subject, widely researched by using physical, chemical, physiological, and genetic methods. All these intense efforts allow modern medicine to have an unparalleled knowledge of hemoglobin molecular basis, DNA relations, structure-related functions and more importantly its related diseases and their treatment. Nevertheless, hemoglobin study constantly proves new and deeper connections between this molecule and other complex biological systems that then require new experimental approaches to be developed. MCQ Gas Blender 100 Series Application: The use of gas mixtures dynamically created in the hemoglobin study Application Note Hemoglobin The Role of Hemoglobin Hemoglobin is a macromolecule made up of four protein molecules, the globulin chains called myoglobin, connected together. The normal adult hemoglobin molecule contains 2 alpha-globulin chains and 2 beta-globulin chains. The dry content of the red blood cells, the most abundant cells in vertebrate blood, is composed up to 97% of hemoglobin. Its main function is to transport oxygen (O2) from the lungs to tissues (taking role of oxygen binding protein, the hemoglobin increases the total blood oxygen capacity seventyfold) and to return carbon dioxide (CO2) from the tissues to the lungs or gills. Each globulin chain contains an iron ion embedded in a porphyrin molecule called heme, which directly binds the oxygen molecule and which is also responsible for the red color of blood. The heme also specifically interact with the two other gases, carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO), both with important biological roles. The interaction between carbon dioxide and hemoglobin is instead carried out by the amino-terminal residues of the protein. MCQ Gas Blender 100 Series

MCQ Gas Blender 100 Series High Performance Gas flow Dilutor & Gas flow Mixing System with User Interface www.mcqinst.com Gas Blender 100 Series Application Note 2/4 The MCQ solution The common hemoglobin experimental hardware configuration required a controlled atmosphere chamber in which a proper gas mixture is flown [12]. The components of this mixture are usually O2 and CO2 with N2 as the balance gas. Rate of O2 and/or CO2 in the mixture may varies depending on the experiment but a fine control that allows to monitor and adjust the rate during the procedure, i.e. a dynamic mixture management,...

MCQ Gas Blender 100 Series High Performance Gas flow Dilutor & Gas flow Mixing System with User Interface www.mcqinst.com Gas Blender 100 Series Application Note 3/4 different lab-application. The instrument works with dry, non-aggressive gas media and the channels are always calibrated with native gases following customer’s request. MCQ also provide software for the gas mixture management, the MCQ Gas Mixer Manager. Easy to use, compatible with any common desktop or laptop pc, MCQ Gas Mixer Manager allow taking a complete control over the instrument and its functions, letting the user to start...

MCQ Gas Blender 100 Series High Performance Gas flow Dilutor & Gas flow Mixing System with User Interface www.mcqinst.com Gas Blender 100 Series Application Note 4/4 equilibrium curves and DPG binding – Respir. Physiol. 68, 2 (1987) 227-238. [5] N. A. Mayr, J. Z. Wang, D. Zhang, J. F. Montebello, J. C. Grecula, S. S. Lo, J. M. Fowler, W. T.C. Yuh, Synergistic effects of hemoglobin and tumor perfusion on tumor control and survival in cervical cancer - Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 74, 5 (2009) 1512-1521. [6] M. Yamamoto, Y. Izumi, H. Horinouchi, Y. Teramura, H. Sakai, M. Kohno, M. Watanabe,...