LEVEL INSTRUMENTATION FOR STEAM GENERATION S p e c i a l A p p l i c a t i o n S e r i e s Level L1 L2 ACTUATED

Steam is today’s utility player in the industrial energy arena. It cleans and sterilizes, dries and concentrates, separates and evaporates. In cookery, it preserves flavor, texture, and retains nutrients. In chemistry, it fosters reactions by controlling process pressure and temperature. In biotechnology, it’s essential for growing production organisms. Steam ranges in purity from boiler grade for routine tasks, to culinary grade “Clean Steam” for food and dairy, and graduates up to super pure, pyrogen-free steam for biopharmaceutical use. Steam can drive a simple pump or generate hundreds of...

It all begins with water, the essential medium for steam generation. Conditioning water properly can increase boiler efficiency and extend the boiler’s operating life. Improper or nonexistent feed water treatment is the major cause of boiler failure. All natural sources of fresh water require varying degrees of treatment prior to boiler use. Boiler feed water treatment prevents scale and deposits, removes dissolved gases, protects against corrosion, eliminates water and steam carry-over, and optimizes boiler efficiency and minimizes maintenance costs. Feed water is treated and conditioned in...

Because boiler and steam systems are made primarily of steel and the heat transfer medium is water, the potential for corrosion is very high. Dissolved oxygen is the major cause of boiler system corrosion. Oxygen and other gases are removed from both feed water streams—treated make-up water and return condensate feed water—when they merge in the deaerator. Deaerators remove non-condensable gases from feed water streams by steam heating and by aggressively agitating incoming water. The deaerator’s storage section is typically designed to hold enough water for ten minutes of boiler operation at...

STEAM LOOP: 4. Boiler Steam Generation Feed Water in Steam out Feed water routed to the boiler is heated in an economizer before being chemically treated upon entering the boiler. After heat converts the water into steam, the steam is routed to its applications. Boiler drum level control must maintain water level within critical set points. Ancillary boiler systems requiring level control include fuel storage, flash tanks and the boiler’s blowdown tank. Fuel Storage A boiler can be fueled by natural gas, propane, fuel oil, coal, biomass or biogas. Storage of liquid fuel oils with low flash points...

STEAM LOOP: 5. Condensate Return System After steam does its work it condenses to water and is collected in the Condensate Return System for reuse in the boiler plant. Since condensate has already been treated with chemicals and has been through the steam system, it will take far less resources to turn it back into steam than it would to make steam from an equal quantity of cold water. A condensate return unit thus provides a significant savings in make-up and the associated water treatment chemicals. Condensate Receiver Tank Level controls in receiver tanks ensure that water is returned to the...

Eclipse®Guided Wave Radar Pulsar™ Thru-Air Radar Kotron® RF Capacitance Enhanced Jupiter®Magnetostriction Tuffy® and Modulevel® Float & Displacer Controls Magnetrol Instrumentation for Boiler Drum Level Measurement and Control Eclipse is a two-wire, loop-powered, 24 VDC level transmitter based on Guided Wave Radar (GWR) technology. Available in coaxial, twin rod and single rod probes, Eclipse is offered with HART®, PROFIBUS® and FOUNDATION fieldbus™ outputs. Of special note is the Model 7xS Coaxial Steam Probe optimized to effectively measure levels in saturated steam applications. The 7xS withstands...

PLEASE NOTE: The instruments recommended in this guide are based on field experience with similar applications and are included as a general guide to instrument selection. However, because all applications differ, customers should determine suitability for their own purposes. S p e c i a l A p p l i c a t i o n S e r i e s CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS 5300 Belmont Road • Downers Grove, Illinois 60515-4499 USA Phone: 630-969-4000 • Fax: 630-969-9489 magnetrol.com • [email protected] EUROPEAN HEADQUARTERS Heikensstraat 6 • 9240 Zele, Belgium Phone: 052 45.11.11 • Fax: 052 45.09.93 BRAZIL: Av. Dr. Mauro...