Introduction
The 12th edition of the Technical Hydraulic Handbook by The Lee Company offers extensive engineering data on their products, focusing on miniature fluid control components for industries like aerospace, automotive, and medical.
Company History
Founded in 1948 by Leighton Lee II, The Lee Company has achieved significant milestones, including the introduction of the Lee Plug in 1958 and participation in the Apollo 11 mission. It remains a family-owned leader in precision fluid control products.
Engineering and Innovation
With over 1,000 employees, The Lee Company emphasizes engineering and innovation, supported by advanced facilities in Connecticut for product development and testing.
Manufacturing and Quality Assurance
The company operates over 1,000,000 square feet of manufacturing space in Connecticut, adhering to AS9100 and ISO 9001 standards to ensure product quality and traceability.
Product Divisions
The company is divided into three divisions: Precision Hydraulics, Electro-Fluidic Systems, and Industrial Microhydraulics, each catering to specific industry needs.
Sales and Service
The Lee Company has a global sales network with offices in major US cities and subsidiaries in Europe, providing professional service and support worldwide.
Special Products
Approximately 50% of Lee's products are custom-designed, including specialized nozzles, valves, and safety screens for various industries.
New ProductsThe handbook introduces new products like the Zero Leak Solenoid
Valve and Positive Displacement
Pump, highlighting ongoing innovation in fluid control technology.
Lee Plugs Overview
Lee Plugs are cylindrical plugs used for sealing drilled holes, featuring a tapered hole and grooves for a reliable seal. The document details manufacturing precision and testing procedures.
Materials
Lee Plugs are made from materials with specific physical and chemical limits, emphasizing adherence to company specifications.
Proof Pressure
The proof pressure is the maximum hydrostatic pressure a Lee Plug can withstand, crucial for safety and performance in high-pressure systems.
Surface Treatment of Installation Holes
Surface treatments can affect Lee Plugs' performance, with some treatments like Teflon deposition not recommended.
Depth of Reamed Hole
The recommended depth ensures maximum holding power, with adjustments potentially reducing proof pressure.
Classes of Fit
Using the lowest class of fit compatible with pressure requirements minimizes costs and machining time.
Elongation
The boss material should have an elongation of at least 3% to accommodate expansion caused by the Lee Plug.
Boss Stress
Maintaining appropriate D/d ratios is essential for structural integrity during Lee Plug installations.
Stress Corrosion
Materials resistant to stress corrosion cracking are listed, with advice on maintaining appropriate stress levels.
Quick Installation Plug and Other Variants
Different versions of Lee Plugs are available, each designed for specific applications and materials.
Material Specifications
The document lists materials and their mechanical properties, including yield stress and elongation percentages for various alloys.
Lee Plugs Overview
Lee Quick Installation Plugs are designed for ease of handling and installation, creating a leak-tight seal using controlled expansion.
Types of Lee Plugs- R.F.O. Plugs: For sealing openings in thin shells and fragile materials.
- A.F.O. Plugs: Provide a leak-tight seal in high-pressure/high-temperature applications.
- Dual Sealing A.F.O. Plugs: Incorporate an O-ring for venting.
Material and Finish Details
Lee Plugs are made from specific aluminum and stainless steel alloys, with finishes like Alodine Yellow and Anodize Green.
Installation and Extraction Procedures
Detailed procedures for installation and extraction are provided, with tool set part numbers.
Stainless Steel Lee Plugs
Made from 416 CRES and passivated, with specifications for various sizes.
Monel Lee Plug
Details for Monel Lee Plugs are mentioned, but the section appears incomplete.
Materials and Finish
Specifications for materials and finishes for various Lee Plugs, including Monel, Aluminum, and Stainless Steel.
Specifications
Detailed specifications for different sizes of Lee Plugs, including diameters, dimensions, and weights.
Proof Pressure
Proof pressure ratings for different classes in psi or MPa.
Ream Diameters
Ream diameter ranges for each class, indicating acceptable tolerances for installation holes.
Installation and Extraction
References to specific pages for detailed procedures and tool set part numbers.
Additional Notes
Notes on DIN 7154 tolerances and specific dimensions for each plug type.
Overview
The document provides detailed specifications and installation procedures for various types of Lee Plugs and Restrictors.
Specifications
Lists multiple classes of Lee Plugs with specific diameter ranges, proof pressures, and material compositions.
Materials and Finishes
Materials used for plugs and pins include 416 CRES, 2024-T4 aluminum, and 15-5 PH CRES, with finishes like passivation and anodizing.
Installation Procedures
Detailed installation and extraction procedures are referenced, with tool sets available for installation.
Lee Restrictors
Describes various types of Lee Restrictors for precise fluid metering, available in a wide range of Lohm rates.
Key Features
Lee Plugs and Restrictors are noted for reliability, ease of installation, and ability to handle high pressures.
Conclusion
The document serves as a comprehensive guide for selecting and installing Lee Plugs and Restrictors.
Specifications
1. Lohm Rate Tolerance: ±5% or ±10%
2. Maximum Working Pressure: 3000 psid
3. Nominal Weight: Varies by model
4. Finish: All Cres Parts Passivated.
Materials
1. Body: 304L Cres or 303 Cres
2. Pin: 17-4PH Cres or 15-5PH Cres
3. Screens: 304L Cres or 440C Cres
4. Braze: AMS 4774 or AWS A5.8BNi-6
Installation and Extraction
1. Tool Set Part Number: Provided for each model
2. Procedures: Refer to specific pages for detailed procedures.
Disc Information
1. Nominal Screen Data: Various styles with specific passage sizes and areas.
2. Disc Styles: Listed with specific part numbers.
Performance
1. Lee 5k Jet: Maximum Working Pressure of 5000 psid
2. Lee High Watt Jet: Maximum Working Pressure of 8000 psid intermittent, 5000 psid continuous
Specifications
1. Maximum Working Pressure: 5000 psid for most models
2. Lohm Rate Tolerance: ±5% or ±10%
3. Nominal Weight: Varies by model
4. Finish: All Cres parts are passivated.
Materials
Common materials include 304L Cres, 15-5PH Cres, 17-4PH Cres, and MP35N.
Installation and Extraction
Tool Set Part Numbers are provided for each model, with detailed procedures referenced.
Performance
Models are designed for high-pressure applications, with specific Lohm rates and passage sizes.
Flow Metering Valves
Types include Restrictor Chek, Directional Flow Control, and Flosert.
Tables and Data
Detailed tables provide Lohm rates, passage sizes, and screen hole sizes for various models.
Overview
The document provides detailed specifications and performance characteristics of various flow control devices.
Lee Restrictor Cheks
Used for metered flow in one direction and no flow in the opposite direction.
Directional Flow Controls
Available in five different free flow Lohm rates, designed for specific applications.
Flow Metering Valves (Floserts)
Pressure-compensated flow controls providing constant flow over a wide range of pressure drops.
Performance and Materials
Detailed specifications for each component, including metered Lohm rate tolerance and nominal system pressure.
Installation and Extraction
Specific installation and extraction procedures are referenced, with tool set part numbers provided.
Key Specifications
Includes tables listing part numbers, metered and free flow Lohm rates, and nominal screen hole sizes.
Specifications
The document outlines specifications for various components, including pins, nozzles, and jets.
Materials
All parts are made from MP35N or stainless steel materials.
Installation and Extraction
Installation and extraction procedures are detailed, with specific tool set part numbers provided.
Performance
Performance metrics include regulated flow tolerances, nominal system pressure, and weight.
Nozzles
Describes two types of miniature precision nozzles: Spin Jet and Lubrication Jet.
Custom Nozzles
The Lee Company offers custom nozzle configurations to meet specific requirements.
Introduction
Lee Cheks are the smallest insert check valves available globally, known for their reliability and performance.
Ball-Style Lee Cheks
Economical designs with axial flow around a 440C ball, suitable for 3,000 psi systems.
Side Exit Lee Cheks
Valves allowing the ball to move out of the flow path, increasing flow capacity and silt resistance.
Lo-Lohm Cheks
Poppet-style valves offering high flow-gain and low Lohm rates.
Hi-Q Cheks
Designed for maximum flow capacity, suitable for 4,000 psi systems.
Zero Leak Cheks
Valves featuring an elastomeric seat for zero leakage applications.
High Pressure Cheks
Poppet-style valves designed for 8,000 psi systems.
NACE Compliant High Pressure Cheks
Constructed from corrosion-resistant materials, designed for pressures up to 15,000 psi.
Pilot Operated Cheks
All-metal, pressure-piloted check valves.
High Pressure Pilot Operated Cheks
Designed for system pressures up to 8,000 psi.
Performance and Specifications
Detailed specifications for various Lee Chek models, including cracking pressure and Lohm rates.
Overview
This document provides detailed specifications and performance data for various valve models.
Materials
Valves are constructed from various stainless steel alloys, with parts passivated for corrosion resistance.
Performance Specifications
Each valve model has specific cracking pressures, Lohm rates, and flow directions.
Installation and Extraction
Outlines necessary tool sets and procedures for installation and extraction.
Valve Models
Covers several valve models with unique specifications for flow direction and nominal system pressures.
Key Recommendations
All Cres parts should be passivated, and pins are prewaxed.
Overview
This document provides detailed specifications and performance characteristics for various valve models.
Specifications- Nominal Weight: Ranges from 0.6 grams to 55 grams depending on the valve model.
- Cracking Pressure: Typically 5 ± 3 psid.
- Materials: Common materials include 304 Cres, 15-5PH Cres, 17-7PH Cres, and 440C Cres.
- Finish: All Cres parts are passivated.
Performance- Maximum Leakage: Zero leakage from 5-5000 psid.
- Lohm Rate: Varies by model.
- Nominal System Pressure: Up to 8000 psi for high-pressure models.
- Test Fluid: Typically air at 70°F.
Installation and Extraction- Tool sets and procedures are specified for each valve model.
- Replacement parts and configurations are provided for maintenance.
Recommendations- Do not degrease or lubricate prewaxed pins.
- Refer to specific pages for detailed installation procedures.
Technical Document Summary
Specifications- Cracking Pressure: 5 ± 3 or 1 ± 0.5 psid
- Maximum Leakage: 1 drop/minute at 5 psid
- Lohm Rate: Varies by model
- Nominal System Pressure: Up to 8000 psi
- Nominal Weight: Varies by model
Materials- Body: 304 Cres AMS 5639
- Pin: 17-4PH Cres AMS 5643
- Poppet: 15-5PH Cres AMS 5659
- Spring: 17-7PH Cres AMS 5678
- Spring Seat: 304 Cres AMS 5639
- Screen: 303 Cres QQ-S-763C
Installation and Extraction- Tool Set Part Numbers: Vary by model
- Procedures: Refer to pages N26 – N30
- Line Mount Configurations: Refer to specific pages for each model
- Replacement Pin Part Numbers: Vary by model
Performance- Valve performance tested on MIL-PRF-83282 at 85°F
- Models include both forward and reverse flow configurations
Additional Notes- All Cres parts are passivated, and pins are prewaxed.
- For detailed dimensions and additional screen information, refer to specific pages mentioned in the document.
Specifications
The document outlines specifications for high-pressure pilot-operated valves and relief valves.
Materials
The valves are constructed from various stainless steel grades, with polymer compression seals.
Installation and Extraction
Installation and extraction procedures are detailed, with specific tool set part numbers provided.
Performance
The valves exhibit specific performance characteristics, such as a minimum pilot ratio of 3:1.
Relief Valves
Describes various relief valve models, including high capacity miniature inserts and thermal relief valves.
Selection Criteria
Selection of relief valves is based on cracking and shutoff pressures, Lohm rates, and other factors.
Safety Relief Valves
Various models designed for safety relief applications with system pressures up to 3000 psi.
Pressure Regulating Relief Valves
Designed for pressure regulating applications, providing stable performance across the operating range.
Thermal Relief Valves
Details thermal relief valves designed to relieve fluid pressure caused by thermal expansion.
Additional Considerations
Factors such as closed volume, temperature change rate, and fluid type must be considered when selecting thermal relief valves.
Overview
The document provides detailed specifications and performance data for various pressure relief valves (PRVs) and related components.
Specifications
Lists multiple PRV models with their respective minimum cracking pressures, flow points, shutoff pressures, and Lohm rates.
Materials
Materials used for different parts of the valves are specified, including stainless steel (Cres) and other alloys.
Performance
Key performance metrics include leakage rates at minimum cracking and shutoff pressures, system pressure limits, and nominal weights.
Installation and Extraction
Detailed instructions for installation and extraction are provided, including tool set part numbers.
Recommendations
Recommends using specific tool sets for installation and extraction, providing guidelines for handling and maintaining the valves.
Specifications
The document outlines various components and materials used in the construction of shuttle valves.
Performance Parameters
Key performance metrics include minimum cracking pressure, flow point minimum shutoff pressure, and LOHM rate.
Installation and Extraction
Details are provided for installation and extraction tools, with specific part numbers for tool sets and replacement parts.
Valve Types and Functions
Describes different types of shuttle valves, including spring biased, detented, selective, and inverse shuttle valves.
Leakage and Pressure Ratings
Leakage rates are specified, with maximum allowable drops per minute or hour.
Materials and Finishes
Materials used include various grades of Cres and aluminum, with specific treatments for corrosion resistance.
Applications
Shuttle valves are used in aircraft landing gear hydraulic systems, among other applications.
Overview
This document provides detailed specifications, materials, performance metrics, and installation procedures for various high-pressure shuttle valves.
Specifications- Shuttle valves are categorized by pressure ratings and specific part numbers.
- Materials used include various grades of stainless steel (Cres), aluminum, and polyimide for seals.
- All parts are passivated or alodined for corrosion resistance.
Performance Metrics- Flow rates vary by valve type, with maximum restrictions measured in Lohms.
- Shuttling pressures range from 15 psid to 100 psid.
- Leakage rates are specified in drops per hour or minute.
Installation and Extraction- Each valve type has a designated tool set part number for installation and extraction.
- Detailed procedures are referenced for proper installation and maintenance.
- Replacement parts are specified with part numbers.
Materials and Construction- Valves are constructed using high-grade materials like 15-5PH Cres, 17-4PH Cres, and 440C Cres.
- Seals are made from polyimide or polyamide-imide.
Recommendations- Do not degrease or lubricate prewaxed pins.
- Follow specified procedures for installation and extraction.
Overview
The document provides detailed technical specifications, installation procedures, and performance metrics for various types of shuttle valves, PRI/Chek valves, bypass valves, and flow fuses.
Shuttle Valves
Describes different shuttle valves with specifications such as flow rate, shuttling pressure, leakage, and nominal system pressure.
PRI/Chek ValvesThese valves combine the functions of a pressure relief valve and a
check valve.
Bypass Valves
Normally open with a pilot-to-close feature, designed to shunt flow across an actuator piston.
Flow Fuses
Custom-designed to stop flow at specified rates, functioning as normally-open check valves.
Materials and Specifications
Lists materials and specifications for each component, emphasizing the use of stainless steel and other durable materials.
Installation and Extraction
Specific tool set part numbers and procedures are provided for installation and extraction.
Tool and Replacement Parts
- Tool Set Part Number: CUTX0509150B
- Replacement Pin Part Number: PHRA3750003A
- Replacement Compression Seal Part Number: SVDA3750009A
- Procedures: See Pages N31 – N32
- Boss Size: See Page N24
- Oversize: See Page N28
375 Bypass Valve Performance
- Normally Open: Fully Open Lohm Rate (Ps ≤ 50 psid): 70 Lohms maximum
- Piloted Closed: Fully Closed When PS - R ≥ 400 psi (Ps = P)
- Combined Leakage from PS and P to R: 1 drop/minute maximum
- Nominal System Pressure: up to 4000 psi
- Nominal Weight: 16 grams
- Valve performance on MIL-PRF-83282 at 85°F ± 15°F
Custom Flow Fuses
- Function as normally-open check valves
- Shut-off flow rate tailored to application’s extreme flow requirement
- Materials: Typically stainless steel, suitable for pressures up to 15,000 psi
- Insert style available in .187, .281, and .375 inch diameters
- Cartridge style available in .295, .483, .798, and .989 inch diameters
- Zero Leak version available
Lee Safety Screens
- Simple, economical construction with stainless steel
- High strength, one-piece design with no burst or collapse up to 7500 psid
- High contamination carrying capacity
- Over 400 standard versions for design flexibility
Safety Screens - Relative Rating System
- Developed to protect hydraulic components from contamination
- Resistance to Blockage (ROB) factor used for screen design
- ROB number provides a reliable means of comparing screen designs
Filters vs. Safety Screens
- Filters collect particles less than 100 µ in size
- Safety screens provide added protection for sensitive components
- Safety screens should be located close to critical components
Clogging and Pressure Ratings
- Pressure drop increases dramatically as screens become clogged
- Safety screens should withstand full system pressure when clogged
- Military specifications recommend robust design for second tier screens
Introduction to Safety Screens
The document discusses the specifications and applications of safety screens, particularly those offered by The Lee Company.
Hole Sizes
The hole size of a safety screen is crucial and should be based on the minimum passage size of the system it protects.
Standard Lee Hole Sizes
The Lee Company offers various standard hole sizes for their safety screens.
Open Area
The open area of a screen is a measure of its contamination holding capacity.
Cold Start Considerations
During a cold start, the pressure drop across safety screens can be significantly higher due to increased fluid viscosity.
Construction Methods
Lee safety screens are constructed using various methods, including etching and drilling.
Precision Cleaning
To prevent contamination, Lee safety screens undergo precision cleaning and packaging.
Installation Techniques
Several installation techniques are discussed, including flange mounted, boss mounted, insert retained, and others.
Specifications and Performance
The document provides detailed specifications for various safety screen models.
Overview
The document provides detailed specifications and performance data for various safety screens used in flange and boss mount applications.
Materials
The screens and base washers are made from 304L CRES or 17-7PH CRES, with brazing done using Silver Alloy or Gold Alloy.
Specifications
Each screen is identified by a unique LEE part number and is characterized by its hole size, open area, total area, and the number of holes.
Performance
Performance metrics include the LOHM rate, burst pressure, collapse pressure, and ROB number.
Applications
The screens are suitable for various industrial applications where fluid filtration and pressure management are critical.
Key Data Summary
The document includes tables with detailed data for each part number.
Overview
The document provides detailed specifications and performance data for various Lee Safety Screens, specifically focusing on HI-BAR® Safety Screens.
Materials and Specifications
The screens are made from materials such as 17-7PH CRES, 303 CRES, 304L CRES, and 15-5PH CRES.
Performance
The performance section lists the LOHM rate, burst, and collapse pressure ratings for each part number.
Installation and Extraction
The document references specific tool sets and procedures for installation and extraction.
Additional Materials
The document mentions the availability of screens in additional materials such as MP35N, titanium, brass, and PEEK.
Key Features
The HI-BAR® Safety Screens are noted for their rugged design, high flow capacity, and flexibility in design.
Materials and Specifications
The document outlines the specifications and performance characteristics of various safety screens used in industrial applications.
Specifications
Each safety screen is identified by a unique LEE part number and is characterized by its hole size, open area, total area, and the number of holes.
Performance
The performance section details the LOHM rate, burst/collapse pressure, and ROB number for each screen model.
Key Features
- High strength, one-piece, threaded design for easy access and maintenance.
- High contamination carrying capacity for maximum protection.
- Low LOHM, high flow capacity.
- No burst or collapse at 7500 psid when fully clogged.
Additional Components
The document also describes the HI-BAR safety screens in ring-locked adapters.
Conclusion
The document provides comprehensive technical details on the specifications and performance of various safety screens.
Overview
This document provides detailed specifications and performance data for various HI-BAR flareless tube safety screen adapters.
Materials
The components are primarily made from 6AL-4V Titanium, A286 CRES, and 15-5PH CRES.
Specifications
Each part number is associated with specific hole sizes, with corresponding open and total areas.
Performance
The performance section lists the LOHM rate and burst/collapse pressure for each part number.
Key Features
The HI-BAR inlet safety screens are designed to minimize space and weight while providing robust pressure resistance.
Specifications
The document provides detailed specifications for various Lee part numbers, including hole size, open and total area, and the number of holes.
Performance
Performance metrics such as Lohm rate, burst/collapse pressure, and ROB number are provided for each part number.
Materials
The materials section lists the materials used for different parts, including adapters, screens, and braze.
Custom Capabilities
The Lee Company offers custom design capabilities for safety screens.
Solenoid ValvesThe document details various
solenoid valve designs, including piloting, high flow, zero leak, and latching solenoid valves.
MultiSeal™ Technology
MultiSeal™ is a sealing concept that eliminates conventional O-rings.
Standard Designs
Standard solenoid valve designs are available in normally closed and open configurations.
Operating Conditions
The document specifies operating temperature ranges, leakage rates, Lohm rates, and electrical characteristics for the solenoid valves.
Overview
This document provides detailed specifications and guidelines for various types of solenoid valves.
Specifications- Weight: Ranges from 0.10 lbs to 0.28 lbs depending on the valve type.
- Pressure Ratings: Operating pressure is typically 3000 psi.
- Operating Temperature: Ambient and fluid temperatures range from -65°F to 275°F.
- Leakage: Internal leakage is specified as 1 cc/minute max.
- Lohm Rate: Varies by valve type.
Materials
The valves are constructed from various materials including 15-5 PH CRES, 440C CRES, 302 CRES, and 304L CRES.
Electrical Characteristics- Current Drain: Varies by valve type.
- Resistance: Ranges from 8-108 Ohms depending on the valve type.
- Response Time: Pull-in and drop-out times are specified.
- Insulation Resistance: Minimum of 100 Megohms.
- Dielectric Strength: 1500 Vrms min.
Installation and Maintenance- Recommended Installation Torque: Typically 25-35 ft* lbs.
- Installation Guides: Specific guides are referenced for proper installation procedures.
Applications
The valves are suitable for various applications including aerospace, propulsion systems, and high-performance racing environments.
Specifications
Dimensions are provided in inches [mm] unless specified otherwise.
Performance- Response time: As fast as 0.5 ms.
- Ambient Operating Temperature: Up to 275°F.
- Operating Pressures: Up to 800 psig.
- Weight: 0.17 oz.
- Internal Volume: 62 µL.
- Lohm Rate: 4100 Lohms.
- Standard Porting: 1/16" Tubing.
Materials- Wetted Materials: 316SS, FeCr Alloy, Seal Material (EPDM, FKM or FFKM available).
Custom Capabilities
Solenoid valves can be customized for specific applications.
Positive Displacement Pumps- Qualified for 1000 hours of operation.
- Self-priming and reduces cavitation.
- High volumetric efficiency across the rated pressure range.
- Variable speed for optimal efficiency under changing conditions.
- Temperature Range: -71°F to +230°F.
- Compatible with most fuels and petroleum-based fluids.
Performance Data- 60 Series Pump: Nominal Flow: 60 PPH.
- 200 Series Pump: Nominal Flow: 200 PPH.
Wetted Materials- 60 Series: 7075 Anodized Aluminum, 400 Series Cres, Fluorosilicone, 300 Series Cres, 15-5PH Cres, PTFE, 17-7PH Cres, Nickel Aluminum Bronze.
- 200 Series: 7075 Anodized Aluminum, 300 Series Cres, Fluorosilicone, UHMWPE, 15-5PH Cres, Phenolic, 17-7PH Cres, Nickel Aluminum Bronze, 400 Series Cres.
Lee Line Mounts- Unions available in flared, flareless, and dynamic beam seal styles.
- Constructed from stainless steel or titanium.
- Includes axial visco jets, Hi-Q line mount check valve, and ring locked adapters.
Lee Unions
Available in various configurations to accommodate different Lee inserts.
Lee Components in Ring Locked Adapters
Includes check valves, flow controls, restrictors, and screens.
Lee Restrictors and Inlet Screens
Available in one-way and two-way configurations.
Lee Chek Valves
Built into ring locked adapters for low pressure drop.
Material Specifications
- The document specifies various materials used for different parts.
Performance Specifications
- Lohm Rate Tolerance is ±5%.
Part Numbers and Specifications
- The document lists various part numbers with corresponding Lohm rates.
Dynamic Beam Seal Restrictors
- Includes part numbers, Lohm rates, and nominal screen hole sizes.
Fitting End Dimensions
- Provides dimensions for tube sizes and fitting ends.
Valve Performance
- Details on valve performance using MIL-PRF-83282.
Screen Installation/Extraction Procedures
- References to pages N26 – N30 for detailed procedures.
General Observations
- The document is highly technical, focusing on material specifications, performance metrics, and part compatibility.
Specifications
The document outlines specifications for various tube flow controls and fitting ends.
Procedures
Installation and extraction procedures are detailed for various components.
Performance Standards
Performance standards for components like the Lee Micro Damp, Hydamp, and Kipster are provided.
Recommendations
Recommendations include using the Lee Micro Damp to protect pressure transducers.
Key Data from Tables and Charts
The document includes tables listing part numbers, metered Lohm rates, and maximum free flow Lohm rates.
Overview
The document provides detailed instructions and specifications for the installation and extraction of Lee Plugs.
Installation Tools and Procedures
The Lee Company offers a complete line of installation tools.
Installation Forces and Tolerances
Lee Plugs are typically a slip fit in reamed holes.
Quick Installation Plugs
These plugs require a specific seating technique to ensure firm seating.
Extraction Tools and Methods
Lee Plugs are designed for permanent sealing but can be extracted if necessary.
Oversize Plugs
Oversize plugs are available for rework or salvage of reamed holes.
Part Numbers and Specifications
The document includes extensive tables listing part numbers for standard and oversize plugs.
R.F.O. Lee Plugs
Installation and extraction of R.F.O. Lee Plugs require specific hydraulic tools.
Coining Tools and Procedures
Coining tools are essential for the installation of A.F.O. plugs.
Installation of A.F.O. Plugs
The installation involves threading the plug by hand and tightening it to a specified torque value.
Lee Inserts Installation
Lee inserts use a tapered expander principle for high retention and leak-tight seals.
Installation and Extraction Tools
The Lee Company provides tool kits for installation and extraction.
3-Port Inserts
These inserts require a nose seal for robust sealing.
Visco Jets Installation
For normal temperature operations, Visco Jets are installed with specific washers and O-rings.
High & Low Temperature Operation
The document outlines the installation procedures for Visco Jets in the 43 and 68 series.
Installation Procedures
Detailed steps are provided for the installation and extraction of various components.
Specifications
The document includes tables with specifications for the 43 and 68 series.
Lohm Laws and Liquid Flow
The document introduces the concept of Lohms, a measure of fluid resistance.
Engineering Reference Information
The document contains a table of contents for engineering topics.
Viscosity Compensation Factor for Single Orifice
This section discusses the adjustment needed for viscosity when dealing with single orifice systems.
Viscosities and Specific Gravity of Typical Fluids vs Temperature
Tables and graphs are provided to show how the viscosity and specific gravity of various fluids change with temperature.
Hydraulic Power Calculations
The document provides formulas for calculating hydraulic power loss in systems.
Temperature Rise in Hydraulic Fluids
This section explains how hydraulic fluids heat up when flowing through restrictions.
Momentum Forces in Liquid Flow
The document outlines formulas to calculate forces due to changes in velocity or direction of liquid flow.
Water Hammer Effects
The phenomenon of water hammer is explained, with formulas provided to estimate pressure spikes.
Bulk Modulus and Thermal Expansion
The document discusses the bulk modulus as a measure of fluid compressibility.
Cavitation Prevention
Strategies to prevent cavitation are discussed, highlighting the negative effects of cavitation.
Gas Flow and Lohm Rate Formulas
The document extends Lohm laws to gas flow, providing formulas to calculate flow rates.
Gas Flow Characteristics
The section covers the compressibility of gases and its impact on system design.
Gas Flow Characteristics
1. Gas flow at low pressure ratios is proportional to the pressure differential.
2. In series restrictions, the most downstream restrictor dominates the flow rate.
3. Sonic flow occurs when the absolute pressure ratio across a restrictor exceeds 1.9.
4. Sonic flow can only occur in the most downstream restrictor when equal restrictors are in series.
5. Gas velocity cannot exceed the speed of sound in a constant area duct or converging section.
Rule of Forbidden Signals
Pressure changes produced by a body moving faster than the speed of sound cannot affect points ahead of the body.
Absolute Pressure Measurement
Gas flow is a function of upstream absolute pressure and the ratio of upstream to downstream pressures.
ACFM to SCFM Conversion
Converting actual flow rate to standard flow rate is useful for calculations.
Flow Factor (Multi-Orifice)
In multi-orifice devices, the gas flow rate is higher than expected from a single-orifice device.
Combination of Restrictions - Series
Pressure drops are not evenly distributed in series orifices due to gas compressibility.
Combination of Restrictions - Parallel
The total Lohm rating for parallel flow is calculated similarly to liquid flow and electrical equations.
Momentum Forces - Gas Flow
Changes in gas velocity result in momentum forces, important in valve design.
Transient Gas Flow
This involves charging a volume through a fixed resistance.
Temperature Change in Gas Flow
Gas temperature changes during throttling, determined by the pressure drop.
Pneumatic Power
Gas flowing through an orifice undergoes energy conversions, reducing available energy for work.
Pneumatic Power and Lohm Laws
The document discusses the calculation of pneumatic power using the Lohm rate for orifices.
Gas Properties
Lists the specific heat at constant pressure and volume, the ratio of specific heats, and the gas constant for various gases.
Engineering Rob Number
The Rob Number system rates the relative resistance to blockage of safety screens.
Recommendations for Protective Screens
The Lee Company recommends using protective screens on products with small passageways.
Contamination Level Correlation
This section explains various methods to describe fluid contamination.
Pressure Ratings
The document outlines the maximum working pressure differentials for Lee Company restrictors and valves.
Product SpecificationsDetails are provided for various Lee Company products, including check valves, relief valves, shuttle valves, and flow
control valves.
Specifications and Testing
Lee Company Shuttle Valves undergo hydrostatic tests for proof or burst pressure.
Pressure Ratings
Nominal system pressures range from 3000 to 8000 psi.
Primary and Derived Standards
Standards for measurement units such as meter, kilogram, and second are defined.
Conversion Factors
Comprehensive conversion factors for mass, volume, and pressure are listed.
Viscosity Definitions
Viscosity is defined in terms of absolute and kinematic viscosity.
Product Marking and Customization
Standard Lee inserts are marked with part and lot numbers for traceability.
Export Compliance and Trademarks
The Lee Company complies with U.S. export laws and regulations.
Patents and Usage Rights
The document outlines the company's patents, trademarks, and copyrights.