Paralleling Switchgear
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KOHLER Power Systems TOTAL SYSTEM INTEGRATION GENERATORS I TRANSFER SWITCHES I SWITCHGEAR I CONTROLS

TOTAL SYSTEM INTEGRATION 2 THE BENEFITS OF PARALLELED POWER 4 TYPICAL PARALLELING APPLICATIONS 8 CHART-BASED SEQUENCE OF OPERATION 1 6 SYSTEM CONTROLS ARCHITECTURE 22 KOHLER. PD-SERIES PARALLELING SWITCHGEAR 24 DECISION-MAKER. PARALLELING SYSTEM 26

YOUR JOB IS COMPLEX. WE MAKE IT EASY. At Kohler, there’s no such thing as a standard, one-size-fits-all power system – each one is unique. We know that the best system is the one that’s built to your project’s specific requirements. Your KOHLER power system is customized and built by a dedicated team of Kohler engineers. Total system integration means that no matter how large or complex, everything works together seamlessly – from generators and transfer switches to paralleling switchgear and controllers. ® Kohler has been a single-source supplier of complex power systems for decades. You...

KOHLER® GENERATOR Gas generators 25-400 kW Diesel generators 10-3250 kW KOHLER AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCH Open, closed and programmed-transition operating modes; standard, bypass-isolation and service-entrance switch configurations KOHLER DECISION-MAKER® CONTROLLERS Controls, monitors and diagnoses the system KOHLER WIRELESS MONITOR Performance monitoring around the clock KOHLER MONITORING SOFTWARE Monitors generators and transfer switches from a PC KOHLER REMOTE ANNUNCIATOR Remote monitoring and testing of transfer switches KOHLER PARALLELING SWITCHGEAR Low and medium voltage FOR MORE...

THE BENEFITS OF PARALLELED POWER MAXIMIZE YOUR SYSTEM’S FLEXIBILITY While it may be common for a facility to install a single large generator to meet its power needs, paralleling two or more generators offers a number of practical benefits and advantages over a single-generator system. REDUNDANCY The redundancy provided by the paralleling of two or more generators delivers greater reliability and flexibility than a single generator can provide. In critical applications, having more than one generator connected to the bus at all times ensures continuous generator power in the unlikely event...

POWER REQUIREMENTS If the largest available generator is too small to meet the power requirements, two or more generators can be paralleled to provide the necessary power. SPACE CONSTRAINTS If space is limited and a large generator will not fit, multiple smaller generators can be utilized. VALUE In some cases, multiple small generators may cost less than one large generator. FUTURE GROWTH A paralleled system can be designed to add additional generators as your facility’s load requirements expand. FOR MORE INFORMATION OR TO FIND A DISTRIBUTOR, CALL 800.544.2444

THE KOHLER DIFFERENCE OUR PROVEN PROCESS Kohler carefully considers your requirements and develops a solution that meets your needs. Every design starts with our proven, time-tested process that builds your system NO GUESSWORK Kohler’s chart-based sequence of operation eliminates the guesswork by detailing each step of every sequence. It clearly describes how the system works, what happens if there is a failure and the actions an operator can take to maintain power. to your exact requirements. Our experienced engineering team helps you every step of the way, determining and INTUITIVE USER...

TYPICAL PARALLELING APPLICATIONS MATCH THE SYSTEM TO YOUR POWER NEEDS Kohler provides the system and operating modes that meet the needs of your facility, whether you require simple standby power or multiple-utility paralleling and emergency power, prime power or peak shaving. EMERGENCY / STANDBY The generators provide power in the event of a loss of utility service. Power transfer can take place at the transfer switch or by using the breakers in the switchgear. Figure 1 shows a typical ATS-based emergency/standby power system. The generator power is combined onto the paralleling bus. Power...

DUAL-UTILITY SYSTEM – RING Figure 4 shows a typical dual-utility system in which the utility bus and generator bus are separate lineups. The available sequence of operations is similar to the linear dual-utility system. The advantages of the ring dual-utility configuration over the linear configuration are: • The ability to feed the entire system with one utility feed without energizing the generator paralleling bus. • The ability to automatically respond to the generator’s main breakers failing to close and provide an alternate path to feed generator power to the load. PEAK SHAVE Peak...

HOW PARALLELING WORKS IT’S ALL ABOUT THE CONTROLS Let’s look at a typical response to loss of utility power. When a loss of utility power occurs, almost every system responds with the basic sequence shown here. 1. ENGINE START DELAY A timer starts when there is a loss of utility. If utility returns before the timer expires, the system does not start. If the utility outage is long enough for the timer to expire, the system will commit to transferring to generator power. 2. START / START-UP LOAD SHED All available generators start. If the system is designed to supply power to loads as soon as...

4. SYNCHRONIZATION The incoming generator’s voltage, frequency and phase are matched to the running bus. When matched, the generator paralleling breaker closes. 5. SECOND GENERATOR BREAKER CLOSES / LOAD SHARING Additional generator power is available to the load. The system’s load-sharing controls actively control the kW and KVAR output of each generator in order to proportionally share the load (maintain the same percent load on each generator) and maintain rated frequency and voltage. 6. LOAD MANAGEMENT As additional generators close to the bus, more power is available for the load. The...

HOW PARALLELING WORKS IT’S ALL ABOUT THE CONTROLS SYNCHRONIZATION Let’s take a detailed look at the synchronization process. The automatic synchronizer matches the incoming generator’s output (waveform) to the running bus. When the voltage, frequency and phase are all matched, the synchronizer will close the incoming generator’s breaker. PHASE MATCH The synchronizer adjusts the incoming generator’s speed to match the phase of the running bus. When matched, the two sine waves will be the same. Frequency Difference FREQUENCY MATCH The synchronizer adjusts the incoming generator’s speed to...