Key Features • Make low noise measurements at high speeds, typically just 15 nV p-p noise at 1s response time, 40–50 nV p-p noise at 60 ms • Delta mode coordinates measurements with a reversing current source at up to 24 Hz with 30 nV p-p noise (typical) for one reading. Averages multiple readings for greater noise reduction • Synchronization to line provides 110 dB NMRR and minimizes the effect of AC common-mode currents • Dual channels support measuring voltage, temperature, or the ratio of an unknown resistance to a reference resistor • Built-in thermocouple linearization and cold junction compensation The two-channel 2182A Nanovoltmeter is optimized for making stable, low noise voltage measurements and for characterizing low resistance materials and devices reliably and repeatably. It provides higher measurement speed and significantly better noise performance than alternative low voltage measurement solutions. The 2182A represents the next step forward in Keithley nanovoltmeter technology, replacing the original 2182 and offering enhanced capabilities including pulse capability, lower measurement noise, faster current reversals, and a simplified delta mode for making resistance measurements in combination with a reversing current source, such as the 6220 or 6221. Flexible, Effective Speed/Noise Trade-offs The 2182A makes it easy to choose the best speed/filter combination for a particular application’s response time and noise level requirements. The ability to select from a wide range of response times allows optimizing speed/ noise trade-offs. Low noise levels are assured over a wide range of useful response times, e.g., 15 nV p-p noise at 1 s and 40–50 nV p-p noise at 60 ms are typical. Figure 1 illustrates the 2182A’s noise performance. 150 Figure 1. Compare the 2182A’s DC noise performance with a nanovolt/microohmmeter’s. All the data shown was taken at 10 readings per second with a low thermal short

Reliable Results Power line noise can compromise measurement accuracy significantly at the nanovolt level. The 2182A reduces this interference by synchronizing its measurement cycle to line, which minimizes variations due to readings that begin at different phases of the line cycle. The result is exceptionally high immunity to line interference with little or no shielding and filtering required. Optimized for Use with 6220/6221 Current Sources Device test and characterization for today’s very small and power-efficient electronics requires sourcing low current levels, which demands the use of...

at each polarity. This current reversal technique cancels out any constant thermoelectric offsets, so the results reflect the true value of the voltage being measured. The improved delta mode for the 2182A and the 622X current sources uses the same basic technique, but the way in which it’s implemented has been simplified dramatically. The new technique can cancel thermoelectric offsets that drift over time (not just static offsets), produces results in half the time of the original technique, and allows the current source to control and configure the 2182A. Two key presses are all that’s required...

Three Ways to Measure Nanovolts DC nanovoltmeters. DC nanovoltmeters and sensitive DMMs both provide low noise DC voltage measurements by using long integration times and highly filtered readings to minimize the bandwidth near DC. Unfortunately, this approach has limitations, particularly the fact that thermal voltages develop in the sample and connections vary, so long integration times don’t improve measurement precision. With a noise specification of just 6 nV p-p, the 2182A is the lowest noise digital nanovoltmeter available. AC technique. The limitations of the long integration and filtered...

The standard cabling provided with the 2182A Nanovoltmeter and 622X Current Sources provides everything normally needed to connect the instruments to each other and to the DUT. The 2187-4 Low Thermal Test Lead Kit is required when the cabling provided may not be sufficient for specific applications, such as when the DUT has special connection requirements. The kit includes an input cable with banana terminations, banana extensions, sprung-hook clips, alligator clips, needle probes, and spade lugs to accommodate virtually any DUT. The 2187-4 is also helpful when the DUT has roughly 1 GO impedance...

Conditions 1 PLC with 10 reading digital filter or 5 PLC with 2 reading digital filter.

2182A NanovoltmeterVoltage Noise vs. Source Resistance 10 DC noise expressed in volts peak-to-peak.

Range Change Time: 13 <40 ms (<50 ms). Function Change Time: 13 <45 ms (<55 ms). Max. Internal Trigger Rate 15 120/s (120/s). Max. External Trigger Rate 15 120/s (120/s). A/D Linearity ±(0.8 ppm of reading + 0.5 ppm of range). Front Autozero Off Error 10 mV-10 V: Add ±(8 ppm of range + 500 pV) for <10 minutes and ±1°C. NOTE: Offset voltage error does not apply for Delta Mode. Autozero Off Error 10 mV: Add ±(8 ppm of range + 100 nV) for <10 minutes and ±1°C. NOTE: Offset voltage error does not apply for Delta Mode. Input Impedance 10 mV-10 V: >10 GQ, in parallel with <1.5 nF (Front Filter ON)....

Remote Interface Keithley 182 emulation. SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments). 1. Relative to calibration accuracy. 2. With Analog Filter on, add 20 ppm of reading to listed specification. 3. When properly zeroed using REL function. If REL is not used, add 100 nV to the range accuracy. 4. Specifications include the use of ACAL function. If ACAL is not used, add 9 ppm of reading/°C from Tcal to the listed specification. Tcal is the internal temperature stored during ACAL. 5. For 5 PLC with 2-reading Digital Filter. Use ±(4ppm of reading + 2 ppm of range) for 1PLC with 10-reading...

2107-4 Low Thermal Input Cable with spade lugs, 1.2 m (4 ft). User manual, service manual, contact cleaner, line cord, alligator clips. Single Fixed Rack Mount Kit Dual Fixed Rack Mount Kit Shielded GPIB Cable, 1 m (3.2 ft) Trigger Link Cable, 1 m (3.2 ft) Trigger Link Cable to 2 male BNC connectors IEEE-488 Interface/Controller for the PCI Bus IEEE-488 USB-to-GPIB Interface Adapter 2182A-3Y-EW 1-year factory warranty extended to 3 years from date of shipment C/2182A-3Y-ISO 3 (ISO-17025 accredited) calibrations within 3 years of purchase1