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double layer capacitors

double layer capacitors

Product catalog summary

Product Overview
Maxcap® Double Layer Capacitors (DLCs) are advanced energy storage devices known for their high volumetric efficiency, fast charge/discharge capabilities, and low leakage current. They are ideal for applications requiring microamp data retention, such as CMOS RAMs, microprocessors, and small motors.

Key Features

High energy density: Up to 100 times that of conventional capacitors.
Wide voltage range: Available in 3.5V, 5.5V, and 11V options.
Long service life: No parasitic chemical reactions, allowing indefinite charge/discharge cycles.
Surface mount options available.

Product Series and Specifications
The Maxcap DLC product line includes several series, each with unique features:

LF Series (5.5V): Very low ESR, suitable for high current applications.
LP Series (5.5V): Low height and ESR, ideal for microamp applications.
LC Series (5.5V): High energy density with low leakage current.
LK Series (5.5V): Reduced height with high energy density.
LT Series (5.5V): Expanded temperature range with low leakage current.
LV Series (11V): Increased voltage capability with low ESR.
LX Series (5.5V): Highest energy density with low self-discharge rate.
LJ Series (5.5V): Expanded temperature range with low ESR.
LM Series (5.5V or 3.5V): Surface mount design with low self-discharge.

Applications
Maxcap DLCs are used in various applications, including:

Backup power for CMOS RAMs and microprocessors.
Home appliances like TVs and refrigerators.
Data transmission systems and vehicle tracking.
Small motors, alarms, and security systems.

Technical Considerations
When selecting a Maxcap DLC, consider load characteristics, allowable voltage drop, required backup time, and available board space. Detailed specifications for each series include capacitance range, ESR, and operating temperature.

Construction and Operating Principle
Maxcap DLCs utilize an electric double layer formed at the interface of activated carbon and a stable electrolyte. Unit cells are stacked in series to achieve the desired voltage. Caution is advised against subjecting DLCs to large ripple currents due to their high internal resistance.

Specifications

Capacitance and Voltage: Capacitors range from 0.01 to 5.6 farads with maximum working voltages of 5.5V and 11.0V.
Surge Voltage: Capacitors can handle surge voltages up to 6.3V and 12.6V.
ESR: Maximum and typical ESR values at 1kHz are listed for each capacitor model.
Dimensions: Detailed dimensions are provided for each model, including diameter, height, pin spacing, and pin length.

Procedures and Standards

Thermal Stability and Shock: Capacitors are tested for thermal stability and shock across specified temperature cycles.
Life and Storage Life: Rated for 1000 hours at maximum temperature and voltage, with storage life tests at -40°C and +85°C.
Solderability: Soldering temperature and time are specified to ensure proper lead coverage.
Vibration Resistance: Tested for vibration resistance across multiple directions and frequencies.

Recommendations

Solder Reflow: The LM Series is designed for infrared or vapor phase convection solder reflow processes, with specific time-temperature conditions recommended.

General Process Guidelines
Manufacturers are advised to limit the MaxCap DLC peak temperature at the top surface of the capacitor to 235°C for less than 10 seconds to ensure successful processing and accommodate normal variations in time and temperature.

Recommended Land Pattern
Specific dimensions for various Maxcap LM Series parts are provided to ensure proper installation and performance.

Solder Reflow Time – Temperature Profile
The profile includes ramp-up and ramp-down rates of 2 to 4°C/sec, with specific time allocations for flux activation, drying, thermal equalization, and reflow cooling.

Test Specifications
Key tests include capacitance discharge, tolerance, DC maximum working voltage, surge voltage, equivalent series resistance (ESR), maximum charging current, operating temperature, thermal stability, thermal shock, life, humidity, resistance to soldering heat, and vibration frequency.

Electrical Measurement Methods
Detailed methods for measuring capacitance, ESR, and DC leakage current are provided, including specific test conditions and circuit configurations.

Backup Time Capability
Curves indicating discharge times for Maxcap DLCs through constant resistance loads are included, highlighting the backup time for CMOS RAM applications.

Charging Characteristics
Maxcap DLCs can be charged to their working voltage quickly, with typical charge time versus voltage and current curves provided.

Self Discharge Curves
Self-discharge curves for LC, LK, and LT Series capacitors are shown, indicating performance after charging for 24 hours at 5.0 volts.

Long Term Charging Curves
Typical long-term charging curves for each Maxcap DLC Capacitor Series are presented, showing performance over extended periods.

Electrical Characteristics Versus Temperature
Changes in capacitance and ESR over a temperature range from –55 to +85˚C are detailed, with specific operating temperatures for different series.

Applications
Maxcap DLCs are suitable for providing backup current for CMOS RAM and clock chip applications, as well as short-term primary and backup power for activators, alarms, and small motors. Basic and alternate backup circuit configurations are discussed.

Voltage Maintenance and Backup Circuits
To maintain voltage at the power supply output level immediately after system initialization, a charging resistor and additional diode may be required. The memory backup circuit for CMOS devices includes a diode to prevent discharging into the power supply and resistors to manage charging current and chip select states.

Voltage Clamping Arrangement
Designers may need to adjust the output voltage to compensate for diode voltage drops. A voltage clamping arrangement can adjust a 5V supply to provide a 5.5V charging voltage, requiring a voltage source greater than 5V.

Service Life and Polarity of Maxcap DLC
The service life of Maxcap DLC is influenced by temperature, with performance stable over ten years at room temperature. Polarity is marked on the capacitor, and while reverse polarity installation is not damaging, it should be avoided.

Cleaning Solutions
Maxcap DLC products should not be immersed in cleaning solutions to avoid contamination. An epoxy end-seal option is available to prevent solution entry.

Application Notes for Backup Power
Maxcap DLCs can be used for backup power voltages exceeding standard ratings by connecting devices in series. Voltage distribution across series-connected DLCs is influenced by capacitance, leakage current, and ESR. Methods to ensure balanced charging include adding series resistors or shunt resistors/diodes.

Construction and Operating Principle
Maxcap DLCs utilize the electric double layer principle, with high surface area carbon electrodes and an ionically conductive electrolyte. The construction involves a series-connected stack of unit cells to achieve desired voltage ratings, with safety margins between breakdown and working voltages.

Catalog excerpts

KANTHAL Maxcap® Double Layer Capacitors Product Information & Application Data

Open the catalog to page 1

Catalogue n-0-1 3 oaw Copyright KanthaiAB May be repioduced onty wrth proper acknowtodgoment of the soirce. Thts information, which may be subjected to change, is offered solety for your considration and should not be taken as awarTanty or reprsentation for which we assume l驩gal responslblllty It is not to be understood as permtssw or reccrnmendation to utilise a patented invention without a licence and the user should dtermine whether relevant patents eWst. KANTHA.L*, GLOBAR* & MAXCAP* DLC are regrtered trademarks of Kanthal Group companles and other subsldlaries. Kanthal G颮obar 49b Commerce...

Open the catalog to page 2

Maxcap® Double Layer Capacitors Product Overview High Energy Density Capacitors for Memory Backup and Data Transmission Power New Surface Mount Product Sries One Farad in a 0.65"x 0.75" Package Up to 5.6 Farads in a 5.5 Volt Package Up to 5.0 Farads in an 11.0 Volt Package Pbofo shows thi h 0farad capacitorfrom tachofthi nint Maxcap DLCSerin. Maxcap® double layer capacitors arc a new clectric energy storage device with cxtremely high volumet-ric efficiency (over five farads/in3), virtually unlim-tcd service lifc, fast chargc/dischargc capability and very low leakage current. Pionccrcd by Sohio/Carhorundum,...

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Key Features very high capacity in small size Up to 100 times that of conventional ca-pacitors. Circuit board space and equip-ment size can be reduced. Surface Mount with LM Sries Low profile with LP. Lj and LK Sries Useful voltage ratings 3.5 and 5.5 volt - Idea! (or CMOS ope-rating voltage range. Il volt - LV S驩ries, backup for relays, actuators, small mo-tors. Ultra long life Unlike batteries. Maxcap DLCs have no parasitic chemical reactions. They can be fully charged and discharged indefinitely. There is no "memory" effect. Full range of stzes From 0.01 to 5.6 (arads 0.47. 1.0 and 5.0 farads...

Open the catalog to page 5

Product Summary - Slection Guide Select from Nne Standard Product S鮩ries The Maxcap DLC "Standard Products" offer a wide range of product gcomctrics and clcctrical charac-teristics from which to choose. The major design considc rat ions n selccting a Maxcap DLC for a given application include the load characteristic, the ailowable voltage drop, required backup time. and availahlc hoard spacc. To help you selcct the best Maxcap Double Layer Capacitor foryour application, the table below sum-marines the key featurcs of cach product sries. Maxcap DLC Standard Products Summary of Key Features and...

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Ordering Information - Model Numbering System Maxcap DLC Maximum «orking v OSS = S.5VDC Capat franco (n uE First t« digin are tuffidenc figures, chfrd digt ts number of zros to foftow, e. 104= 100.000 Capacttance tol飩rance -20% hpoxy End Seal Option; An epoxy end seal can be specfted by addlng"E" to the part lumbere LP0SSI04AE. Cipacttors wtth epoxy end seak are non-standard products LT (S.SVblt) LV ( 11 Volt) LX (5.s v«il) LJ(5.SVo)t) LM (5.S or 3.5Volt) Expanded temprature range. low leakage current Increaicd voltage capab-lityjow ESR Our high est energy densiry product low self discKarge rate...

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Max cap LC Sries 1-0 F LC Maxrap 5.5V Capacitance Farads Sries Maximum workrw voltage B©Epac*tre»rrninal ^cp驧fa^dtocase- KeyFeatures Capacitance Farads recommended (or g round iSeries Maximum working vdtage .Srndi/diamcter _ . Sթries Very high ener&tdenկify One farad m 0.8S" x 0.63" Maximum Up to 11 io\to^*&pa*aW^ V0<ta9e Low self discharge rate Bar indicates terminai Bar indicates termina! corhMBted lo case - Օ Operating temprature f^KaS^ground 鎕 Storogc temperture -40X to +85'C recommended for ground H Max. S-0.O2 M h 0.01 min. Pin Outline -A h-A-0-004 □ _Id,-0.004 H Max. Maxcap DLC Standard...

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Max capLTSries Key Features * Expanded temprature range ~ II;____ ■ Capacitance Operatsng -40 C to +85 C Farads Storage -40驉C to +fl5'C 10F LT ^axcap 55V Capacitance Farads Sortes Maximum working voltage Capacitance -^«afates terminai connected to case - re먴fWaorKted for gnxmd Maximum ^working voltage Bar indicates terminal connected to case -recpmmeoded for ground MTF LT Kanthal ap5 High energy Jmity - One farad in S5" x 0/87" poc*J**'mum ;vorionq vo Bar Indlcates terminal connected to case -recommended for qround H Max. 0.01 min. S-0,02 D-Q.02 S-0,02 .Mm. Pin Outline ■ir-UJ c 0ۛC4 Pin Outline...

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Capacitance Farads Maxcap LF Sries Sries Maximum Aorking voftage Capacitance BBanwJ驴atos terminal connecled to case -♦Sonesended lor ground Maximum working voJtage Kcy Featurcs Very low ESR As hw as 0.3, typkal Capacitance Farads Օ HJgh cncrgy denity One farad in IA4" x 075" podcog Up to "5 fcrads. jn srnj^pockog * Operoting temprature Maximum workinq voltage 突min. \ Bar indicates terminal connectedtocase-recorwnended for ground H Max. 0.01 min. J5X to +7,ۉ4aXCap 5.5V Bar mdteates terminal connectedtocase-recommancted lor ground * S to rage temprature -4QX to +85'C S-0.02 3-0.02 LMh. D-0,02...

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Capacrtance Farads Max cap LV Sries Lof lv Sries Maximum working voltage Capacrtance E驉aradflates terminal connected to case -rdaOfWaended for qround Key Fcaturcs ■//voitsrating Up to S forads in single padcoge * LowESR * Operating temprature -25"C<o+70fi§F LV * Storagc Temprature -4GLC to -85l^xcap &5V Capacitanco Farads S驩ries Maximun workinq voltage 01 Maximum working voltage Bar indicates terminal connected to case -recQr)mpnded for ground H Max. 0.01 min. Pin Outline a, -0.004 Bar indicates termina comected to case-recommended for qround S-0.02 S-0.02 Pin Outline Maxcap DLC Standard Products...

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Capacitance Farads Maxcap LX Sries VOF LX ^taxcap 55V Sries worklng voltage Bar indicates terminal Kcy Fcaturcs 驕 Our Highest Energy Dentity Projfuct One farad in 0.65" x 075" packof^1*** Up t 4J farads in a single podtoge hmaUUiametef op ^ ^rt땴BMldfcnded for ground Sries j11 Maximum n'working voltage Low $clf dixchargc rate Maxinxm workinq voilage 镕 Operating temfmOr&-& to +70DC Bar indicates terminal c comected to case - rUrWntra'es terminal connectd to case - recommeoded for ground ਕ Moroge temprature recommended for qround -40X to +S5°C S-0.02 :-Mir D.01 ^Pin Outline - 0.004 H Max. Maxcap...

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