Introduction
This document is a revised catalog for KOYO's precision ball and roller bearings, specifically designed for machine tools. It addresses the increasing demand for compact, lightweight bearings with longer service life, higher performance, and reliability.
Technical Descriptions- Types and Structures: Details various types of precision ball and roller bearings, including spindle bearings and support bearings for precision ball screws, highlighting features like contact angles and high-speed performance.
- Selection of Bearings: Provides guidelines for selecting the appropriate bearing based on operating conditions, bearing requirements, and cost performance, considering factors like installation space, load types, and rotational speeds.
- Service Life and Load Ratings: Explains how to calculate the service life of bearings, including dynamic and static load ratings, and permissible axial loads.
- Rigidity and Preload: Information on the rigidity and preload of bearings, emphasizing their importance in improving machining precision.
- Lubrication: Discusses grease and oil lubrication methods, including the design of peripheral parts like spacers for oil/air lubrication.
Bearing Dimension Tables- Angular Contact Ball Bearings: Provides details on types, features, and tolerances, along with standard preloads and axial load considerations.
- Cylindrical Roller Bearings: Includes information on types, features, and radial internal clearances.
- Tapered Roller Bearings: Covers types, features, and axial load considerations for tapered roller bearings.
Handling and Lubrication Systems- Handling of Bearings: Provides guidelines for the proper handling and mounting of bearings.
- Oil/Air Lubrication System: Describes the oil/air lubricator and air cleaning unit for effective lubrication.
Examples of Bearing Failures
Discusses common bearing failures, their causes, and countermeasures to help users prevent and address issues.
Supplementary Tables
Additional tables provide information on shaft tolerances, housing bore tolerances, steel hardness conversion, and lubrication intervals.
Conclusion
The catalog serves as a comprehensive guide for selecting and using precision ball and roller bearings in machine tools, offering insights into design considerations, performance optimization, and maintenance practices.
Specifications and Load Considerations
Discusses the load capacity of bearings, expressed in terms of the basic load rating found in bearing dimension tables. Emphasizes selecting the optimal bearing type based on load magnitude, direction (axial or radial), vibration, and shock levels.
Rotational Speed and Running Accuracy
Standard values for rotational speed limits are provided in bearing dimension tables. Limiting speeds depend on bearing type, size, running accuracy, cage type, load magnitude, and lubrication.
Spindle Bearing Arrangements
Table 4.1 presents typical spindle bearing arrangements for machine tools, highlighting the use of ceramic bearings for high-speed spindles.
Service Life and Load Ratings
Explains the concept of bearing service life, affected by repetitive loads leading to fatigue. The basic dynamic load rating represents the bearing's load capacity.
Dynamic Equivalent Loads
Dynamic equivalent loads account for varying load conditions, combining radial and axial loads. Calculations for dynamic equivalent loads are provided.
Specifications and Load Ratings
Outlines the specifications for dynamic and static load ratings of bearings. Defines the maximum dynamic equivalent load (Pmax) and the mean rotational speed (nm) for ball and roller bearings.
Static Equivalent Load
The static equivalent load is calculated to simulate the contact stress under actual loading conditions.
Safety Coefficient
A safety coefficient (ƒs) is used to ensure the bearing's safety concerning its static load rating.
Service Life and Lubrication
Discusses the service life of greases used in bearings, emphasizing the importance of selecting the right grease type and amount to prevent bearing failures.
Permissible Axial Loads
Permissible axial loads are defined to prevent deformation and damage to bearings under large axial loads.
Rigidity and Preload of Bearings
Methods to improve bearing rigidity include using roller bearings for high radial rigidity and angular contact ball bearings for high axial rigidity.
Preload and Axial Rigidity
The relationship between preload and axial rigidity is illustrated, showing how preload affects displacement and rigidity.
Preload Variation Due to Fitting and Rotation
Preload can vary due to fitting conditions and rotation, influenced by factors like centrifugal force and temperature rise.
Precision Ball & Roller Bearings Overview
1. Shaft and Housing Fits
Provides detailed specifications for shaft fits in the case of a rotating inner ring, including tolerance classes and target interferences for various bearing types.
2. Preload and Fitting Selection
To maintain bearing performance, selecting the appropriate preload method and amount is crucial, especially for high-speed applications.
3. Limiting Speeds of Bearings
The permissible rotational speed of a bearing is influenced by factors such as bearing type, dimensions, lubrication, and loading conditions.
4. Lubrication
Lubrication is critical for reducing wear, removing heat, and extending bearing life.
5. Grease Lubrication
Grease lubrication is commonly used due to its simplicity.
6. Oil/Air Lubrication
This method supplies a small amount of oil intermittently using compressed air.
7. Oil Mist Lubrication
Oil mist lubrication is cost-effective and suitable for high-speed performance.
Jet Lubrication
Jet lubrication involves injecting a large quantity of lubricant at high velocities through the bearing side to lubricate and cool simultaneously.
Tolerances of Shafts and Housings
The precision of shafts and housings is crucial as their shapes influence the bearing's raceway surface and running accuracy.
Chamfer Dimensions and Fillet Radii
Chamfer dimensions and fillet radii are defined by imaginary arcs tangent to the bearing surfaces.
Spacers for Oil/Air Lubrication
Dimensions for spacers used in oil/air lubrication systems are detailed for various bearing series.
Overview: This document provides technical specifications and performance details for various series of angular contact ball bearings and cylindrical roller bearings, specifically designed for high-speed applications with oil/air lubrication.
Specifications:- Angular Contact Ball Bearings: The 3NCHAC000 and 3NCHAC900 series are commonly used with contact angles of 15° and 20°.
- Spacers for Oil/Air Lubrication: Dimensions for spacers in the 3NCHAD000, 3NCHAF000, and 3NCHAF900 series are detailed.
- Cylindrical Roller Bearings: Specifications for the NN3000, N1000, and 3NCN1000 series are provided.
Performance and Features:- High Ability Bearings: These bearings are optimized for machine-tool spindles, excelling in high-speed performance and rapid acceleration/deceleration.
- Types and Applications: Various types of High Ability bearings are available, each suited for different applications.
- Performance Improvements: High Ability bearings offer a 20-30% reduction in temperature increase and 1.2 to 1.5 times increase in speed limits compared to conventional products.
Lubrication Methods:- Type D Bearings: Designed for oil/air lubrication with an oiling groove in the inner ring for improved lubrication reliability.
- Type F Bearings: Feature an oiling port in the outer ring, providing excellent high-speed performance and stability against rapid acceleration/deceleration.
Comparison and Evaluation:- Figures in the document compare temperature increases, noise levels, and air consumption between different bearing types and conventional bearings.
- High Ability bearings show better performance in terms of temperature control and speed limits, especially when using ceramic balls.
Ceramic Bearings:- Ceramic bearings, made from silicon nitride, offer advantages such as reduced slip, improved rigidity, and longer service life.
- The document includes a comparison of properties between ceramics and bearing steel, highlighting the benefits of ceramics in high-speed applications.
Comparison of Mechanical Properties
JTEKT has established standard load ratings for ceramic bearings based on experimental results.
Properties of Ceramics (Si3N4)
Ceramic bearings, specifically those made from Si3N4, exhibit superior properties compared to bearing steel (SUJ2).
Load Ratings and Structures of Ceramic Bearings
Ceramic bearings are categorized into different types based on their structure, such as 3NC and 6NC.
High-Speed Performance and Rigidity
Ceramic bearings outperform steel bearings in high-speed applications due to their lower density and linear expansion coefficient.
Fatigue and Seizure Life
Ceramic bearings have a longer fatigue service life and seizure life compared to steel bearings.
Angular Contact Ball Bearings
Angular contact ball bearings can handle radial, unidirectional axial, or combined loads.
Matched Pair Angular Contact Ball Bearings
These bearings are adjusted for preload and axial clearance, available in four preload classes: slight, light, medium, and heavy.
Overview: This document provides detailed specifications and guidelines for various series of angular contact ball bearings, focusing on the HAR900C, HAR900CA, and HAR000C series.
Specifications: The document lists the boundary dimensions for each bearing, including diameter (d), outer diameter (D), width (B), and minimum radii (r, r1).
Procedures: The document outlines the mounting dimensions and interspace volume for each bearing, which are critical for proper installation and performance.
Norms and Standards: The document references the 7900 series for boundary dimensions and provides guidelines for spacer dimensions and oil/air lubrication intervals.
Recommendations: Recommendations are provided for preload settings during mounting, with specific coefficients for different combination types (DB, DBB, DBD) and preload levels (M, H, S, L).
Key Data from Tables: The tables provide detailed data on each bearing's load ratings, speeds, and dimensions.
Critical Information: The document highlights the importance of adhering to specified load ratings and speeds to ensure optimal bearing performance and longevity.
Overview: This document provides detailed specifications and guidelines for various types of bearings, focusing on angular contact ball bearings and cylindrical roller bearings.
1. Angular Contact Ball Bearings:- Specifications: The document lists basic load ratings, mounting dimensions, and permissible axial loads for different bearing models.
- Load Ratings: Basic dynamic and static load ratings are provided for single-row, tandem, back-to-back, and face-to-face configurations.
- Contact Angle: Bearings have a contact angle of 20°, which affects the load distribution and performance.
2. Cylindrical Roller Bearings:- Types and Features: The document describes double row and single row cylindrical roller bearings, highlighting their high radial rigidity and suitability for high-speed rotation.
- Bearing Series: It covers the NN3000, NNU4900, N1000, and 3NCN1000 series, detailing their composition, including cage symbols, tolerance classes, and internal clearance symbols.
- Lubrication: Some bearings feature a lubrication groove and holes to ensure adequate lubrication supply.
3. Additional Information:- Mounting and Dismounting: The document provides guidelines for mounting and dismounting bearings, emphasizing the separability of outer and inner rings.
- Preload and Speed Coefficients: Preload types (M, H, S, L) and their corresponding speed coefficients are discussed, indicating variations based on bearing distance.
Specifications:
The document provides detailed specifications for various types of angular contact ball bearings, including dimensions, load ratings, and speed limits.
Procedures:
Instructions are provided for the mounting of bearings, including the use of spacers for oil/air lubrication and discharge intervals.
Standards:
The document adheres to JTEKT standards for tolerance classes, which are equivalent to JIS Classes 5 and 4.
Recommendations:
Recommendations include selecting bearings with greater contact angles for applications where rigidity is a priority.
Key Data from Tables and Figures:
Tables provide detailed dimensions and load ratings for various bearing series.
Critical Information:
Critical parameters include the nominal bore and outside diameters, bearing width, and the specific preload values for high-speed matched pair angular contact ball bearings.
Specifications:
The document provides detailed specifications for various types of bearings, including angular contact ball bearings and tapered roller bearings.
Procedures:
The document outlines the procedures for selecting and using bearings, emphasizing the importance of matching the small and large bore diameter types with the appropriate tapered-bore diameter sides.
Standards and Norms:
The bearings are designed to meet ISO sub-unit specifications, ensuring interchangeability on an international level.
Recommendations:
Recommendations include using pairs of single row tapered roller bearings in face-to-face or back-to-back arrangements to handle unidirectional axial loads.
Data Interpretation:
The tables and figures in the document provide comprehensive data on the dimensions, load ratings, and speeds of various bearings.
Overview: The document provides detailed specifications and tolerances for tapered roller bearings, compliant with JIS B 1514 standards for classes 5 and 4.
Specifications: The document outlines the permissible dimensional deviations for tapered roller bearings.
Tolerances: Tolerances for inner and outer rings are specified in micrometers (μm) for various nominal bore diameters.
Axial Load and Displacement: Figure 4.2 illustrates the relationships between axial load and displacement for different series of KOYO tapered roller bearings.
Series Data: Detailed data for each series, including boundary dimensions, basic load ratings, limiting speeds, and mounting dimensions, are provided.
Key Tables and Figures: - Table 4.2: Permissible dimensional deviations and limits for metric tapered roller bearings. - Figure 4.2: Relationships between axial load and displacement for KOYO tapered roller bearings.
Critical Information: The document emphasizes compliance with JIS B 1514 standards, providing precise tolerances and specifications necessary for ensuring the performance and reliability of tapered roller bearings in various applications.
Specifications and Features:
The document provides detailed specifications for various types of bearings, particularly focusing on support bearings and support bearing units for precision ball screws.
Types and Configurations:
Support bearings are available in matched pairs or stack configurations, indicated by suffixes such as DB (back-to-back), DF (face-to-face), DFD (three bearings), and DFF (four bearings).
Identification and Standards:
The document outlines the composition of identification numbers for bearings, which include nominal bore and outside diameters, internal design codes, and tolerance class symbols.
Tolerances and Load Capacities:
Tables in the document specify permissible dimensional deviations for inner and outer rings, as well as axial load and displacement relationships.
Support Bearing Units:
These units combine SAC type support bearings with high-precision housings, offering simple mounting, excellent dust-proof performance, and adaptability to various design requirements.
Graphical Data:
The document includes graphs illustrating the relationship between axial load and displacement for different bearing types.
Conclusion:
The document serves as a comprehensive guide for selecting and understanding the specifications, configurations, and applications of support bearings and bearing units for precision ball screws.
Support Bearings and Units for Precision Ball Screws
This section provides detailed specifications for various support bearings and units, including dimensions, mounting hole details, and applicable shaft diameters.
Oil / Air Lubrication System- Oil / Air Lubricator: This system is designed to prevent atmospheric contamination by supplying a small quantity of oil directly into bearings using air pressure.
- Air Cleaning Unit: The KAU05 unit efficiently removes moisture, oil, and dust from compressed air using filters, an air dryer, and mist separators.
Handling of Bearings- Handling Precautions: Bearings require careful handling due to their precision.
- Storage and Mounting: Bearings should be stored in a controlled environment to maintain quality.
Specifications and Measurements:
- The document outlines various specifications such as squareness, flatness, parallelism, coaxiality, circularity, and cylindricity in relation to components like retaining plates, spacers, locknuts, and shafts.
Handling of Bearings:
- Mounting Bearings: The preparation for mounting bearings varies based on bearing types and lubrication.
Mounting Methods:
- Shrinkage Fit: Bearings are heated to expand before mounting, ensuring no force is applied during operation.
Tightening of Bearings:
- Inner Ring: Locknuts are used to fix inner rings, but deviations can cause shaft bending and decreased accuracy.
Adjusting Clearance:
- For cylindrical roller bearings with tapered bores, spacer dimensions are adjusted to achieve desired radial clearance.
Grease Sealing:
- Proper cleaning, degreasing, and grease application are crucial.
Figures and Tables:
- The document includes figures illustrating mounting methods, heating jigs, and grease sealing points.
Breaking-in Procedures for Bearings:
Bearings lubricated with grease require a breaking-in process to prevent rapid temperature rise when operated at maximum speed.
Checking After Mounting Bearings:
Preload Checking: Preload affects bearing rigidity and heat generation.
Trial Run and Inspection: After mounting, a trial run ensures proper installation.
Noise and Temperature Issues:
Tables provide causes and countermeasures for bearing noise and temperature rise.
Dismounting Bearings:
Careful dismounting is crucial to avoid damage.
Examples of Bearing Failures:
Regular maintenance and inspection are vital for stable machine operation.