TP08 SMALL SIZE NON-STEADY-STATE PROBE FOR THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT TP08 is a probe that offers the possibility to perform a practical and fast measurement of the thermal conductivity (or thermal resistivity) of the medium in which it is inserted at a high accuracy level. It works in compliance with the ASTM D 5334-00, D 5930-97 and IEEE 442-1981 standards. The TP08 is a small version of type TP02, made for situations where the length of TP02 poses a problem. The standard TP08 probe has proven suitability in soils, thermal backfill materials, sediments, foodstuff, powders, sludges, paints, glues and various other materials. The Non-Steady-State Probe (NSSP) measurement method (also known as transient line source, thermal needle, hot needle, heat pulse- and hot wire technique) has the fundamental advantages that it is fast and absolute while the sample size is not critical. Hukseflux is specialised in NSSP design. Special models have been developed for in-situ field experiments. For permanent installation in soils, a dedicated model, TP01, is available. TP08 has been designed and tested in collaboration with the Applied Physics Group of Wageningen University. Figure 1 TP08 Small Size Non-Steady-State Probe: The probe consists of a needle (3) with a single thermocouple junction (6) and a heating wire, (5). It is inserted into the medium that is investigated. In the base, (2), a temperature sensor, (4), is mounted. All dimensions are in mm. INTRODUCTION The standards of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) describe proven methods for determining the thermal conductivity of materials. ASTM D 5334-00 and D 5930-97 and IEEE Std 442-1981 " Standard Test Methods" specify the use of Non-Steady-State Probes (NSSP) in various applications. In general a NSSP consists of a heating wire, representing a perfect line source, and a temperature sensor capable of measuring the temperature at this source. The probe is inserted in the medium that is investigated. The NSSP principle relies on a unique property of a line source: after a short transient period the temperature rise, ∆T, only depends on heater power, Q, and medium thermal conductivity, λ: ∆T = (Q / 4 π λ) (ln t + B) With ∆T in K, Q in W/m, λ in W/mK, t the time in s and B a constant. By measuring the heater power, and tracing the temperature in time (for TP08 typically during 2 minutes), λ can be calculated. The sample size is not critical, as long as a 20 mm radius around the needle is covered. The measurements of Q, t and ∆T are all direct measurements of power, time, and temperature respectively. These are done without need of reference materials. The measurement with TP08 is absolute. TP08 can be obtained as a separate probe for incorporation in the user's measurement and control system. It is suitable for operation with the Campbell Scientific CR10X. TP08 DESIGN Hukseflux specialises in Non-Steady-State probe design. The primary model of the Hukseflux product range is the TP02. This model offers optimal measurement accuracy by a combination of its design features. For some applications however the requirements regarding the sample size are such that the needle length and diameter of TP02 are too large. For this category of samples, TP08 has been designed. Having a needle length of 70 mm, with the junction at around 17 mm from the tip, and a diameter of 1.2 mm, samples of around 80 ml can be analysed. (35 mm depth). In some cases samples can even be smaller (consult Hukseflux). Version 0616 (page 1 of 2) Hukseflux reserve the right to alter specifications without prior notice HUKSEFLUX™ THERMAL SENSORS . WWW.HUKSEFLUX.COM . [email protected]

TP08 DESIGN (CONTINUED) In TP08 the reference junction of the thermocouple is located in the base. A high quality measurement with TP08 requires that not only the sample but also the base are at a stable (preferably the same) temperature. Usually this is achieved by clamping the base into the same material (metal) that holds the sample. MORE INFORMATION / OPTIONS Standards: ASTM standards can be obtained from ASTM at http://www.astm.org. Alternative designs: Hukseflux is specialised in NSSP design. Alternative models, for instance smaller, more robust or temperature resistant have been manufactured...