Woven Fabrics Unidirectional Fabrics Glass Carbon Aramid Hybrids Technical Fabrics Handbook HexForce® Reinforcements

REINFORCEMENTS FOR COMPOSITES MANUFACTURING, SALES AND CUSTOMER SERVICE Seguin, Texas 1913 N. King St. Seguin, TX 78155 United States Telephone: (830) 379-1580 Fax: (830) 379-9544 Customer Service Toll Free: 1 (866) 601-5430 Technical Service: 1 (830) 401-8180 MANUFACTURING Les Avenieres, France Z.I. Les Nappes 38630 Les Avenieres France For European sales office numbers and a full address list, please go to: www.hexcel.com/contact/salesoffices

INDUSTRIAL DISCLAIMER 2 For Industrial Use Only - In determining whether the material is suitable for a particular application, such factors as overall product design and the processing and environmental conditions to which it will be subjected should be considered by the User. The following is made in lieu of all warranties, expressed or implied: Seller’s only obligations shall be to replace such quantity of this product which has proven to not substantially comply with the data presented in this bulletin. In the event of the discovery of a nonconforming product, Seller shall not be liable for...

COMPANY PROFILE 4 Hexcel Corporation is a leading advanced composites company. It develops, manufactures and markets lightweight, high-performance structural materials; including carbon fibers, reinforcements, prepregs, honeycomb, matrix systems, adhesives and composite structures, used in commercial aerospace, space and defense and industrial applications such as wind turbines. As the most vertically integrated supplier in the industry, Hexcel is better able to control the cost, quality and delivery of its products. Vertical integration also means that we can offer enhanced design flexibility...

PARAMETERS FOR WOVEN FABRIC SELECTION In selecting a woven fabric for industrial applications, a number of design parameters may be considered. These are broken down into four basic variables: yarn weight, thread count, weave pattern and fabric finish. The wide range of yarn weights provides the base for fabric design. Yarn weight, combined with thread count [the number of warp ends (lengthwise) and filling picks (widthwise) per inch] determines the strength, weight and thickness of the fabric. Basic weaving concepts are utilized in the manufacture of fiber glass and high performance fabrics. The...

The basket weave is similar to the plain weave except that two or more warp yarns and two or more filling yarns over and under each other. The basket weave is more pliable, flatter and stronger than the plain weave, but is The leno weave is used where relatively low numbers leno weave locks the yarns more warp threads over each other and interlacing with one K or more filling threads. — Four Harness Satin (Crowfoot) The four harness satin weave is more pliable than the plain weave and is easier to conform to curved surfaces typical in reinforced plastics. In this weave pattern there where a filling...

Eight Harness Satin The eight harness satin is similar to the four harness satin except that one filling yarn floats over seven warp yarns and under one. This is a very pliable weave and is used for forming over curved surfaces. Twill Weave The twill weave is more pliable than the plain weave and has better drapability while maintaining more fabric stability than a four or eight harness satin weave. The weave pattern is characterized by a diagonal rib created by one warp yarn floating over at least two filling yarns

CONVERTING YARN TO FABRIC 1. Warping The first step in the warping stage is beaming, where purchased yarn is transferred from the bobbin creel to section beams. Most input yarn is in singles form; however, some yarn is twisted and plied together to yield unique properties. The section beams constitute the machine direction or thread sheet segment of yarn in the loom. Several section beams are produced and consolidated into a group called a set, which provides the input for the slashing process. 2. Slashing The slashing process combines the warp ends of the set’s multiple section beams into a...

4. Weaving After the warp beam is installed in the loom, then either rapier technology for heavy fabrics, or air jet technology for lighter fabrics is used to interlace the filling yarns at 90 degree angles to the warp ends on the loom. The fabric, called greige or loom state, is then wound onto a roll or steel drums called mandrels, and the weaving process is complete. 5. Heat Cleaning The next stage is batch oven cleaning, where the mandrels are placed on racks, loaded into large ovens, and exposed to high temperatures until all organic binders are removed and a pure clean glass fabric is produced....

CARBON FIBER FABRICS

CARBON FABRICS Hexcel manufactures the most complete line of carbon fabrics and specialty reinforcements for the composite industry and offers a thorough line of globally certified aerospace products. Carbon fiber reinforcements, when properly engineered into the appropriate matrix, can achieve one of the strongest and most rigid composite structures available with significant weight savings when compared to metals and other materials. In addition to the high strength-to-weight ratio, carbon fiber reinforcements are thermally and electrically conductive, have very low CTE and excellent fatigue...

Our Specialty Reinforcements product line includes a number of different technologies that produce an endless variety of carbon-reinforced designs for preform products and your composite needs. (See “Specialty Reinforcements Materials” in this section) Hexcel’s staff, with expertise in the areas of textile development, finishing technology, resin chemistry, composite technology, and applications engineering, is readily available to investigate development requirements for engineered fabrics, coated fabrics, and specialty composite-reinforced structures. Often a process is limited by the use of...

CARBON FABRICS NOMENCLATURE 14 Carbon fabrics from Hexcel have a specific nomenclature which enables us to know the fiber used and the weave style as well as any tracers, tracer fiber and the tracer spacing if in the fabric. This nomenclature is referred to as the “description” on our fabric label that is placed on each box of carbon fabric. Here are some examples of the nomenclature for the US and Europe: US EXAMPLES: SGP203CSDL means: S = IM7 Type Fabric GP = GP sizing 203 = 203 gsm fabric CS = Crowfoot Satin (4 Harness Satin Weave) D = SCG 75 1/0 0.7z 933 L = Tracer yarn every 12” in warp,...