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PHOTOTUBES

PHOTOTUBES

PHOTOTUBES

Product catalog summary
Features and Applications
Phototubes are characterized by high sensitivity, stability, wide dynamic range, and superior temperature stability. They are used in chemical and medical analytical instruments due to their reliability and large photosensitive area. Phototubes operate at low voltage, making them suitable for various applications.

Spectral Response Characteristics
The spectral response characteristic of a phototube describes the conversion of incident light into electrons at the photocathode, which varies with wavelength. The peak wavelength indicates maximum sensitivity. Phototubes have a wide spectral response range, from vacuum UV to infrared, depending on the photocathode material used.

Specifications
Key specifications include absolute maximum ratings, anode supply voltage, peak and average cathode current, luminous and radiant sensitivity, dark current, and interelectrode capacitance. Recommended operating voltage is crucial for extending the phototube's lifespan.

Applications
Phototubes are used in spectrophotometers, ozone monitors, blood analyzers, and various UV monitoring applications. Different types of phototubes are optimized for specific spectral ranges and applications.

Operating Circuits
Sample circuits for phototubes include inverting current-voltage conversion and impedance conversion circuits. Operational amplifiers with low bias and offset current are recommended for stable operation.

Cautions
Phototubes should be operated within maximum ratings, with a large light input surface area to avoid exceeding cathode current density. Handle with care to avoid damage from mechanical vibration or direct sunlight. Cooling and helium permeation considerations are also important.

Warranty and CE Marking
Hamamatsu products are generally warranted for one year, with limitations. Some products are subject to CE Marking under European Union Directives.
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Catalog excerpts

PHOTOTUBES-2

PHOTOTUBES IFEATURES AND APPLICATIONS FEATURES High sensitivity and high stability make phototubes very useful in chemical and medical analytical instruments which require high reliability. Phototubes feature a wide dynamic range from several picoamperes to several microamperes, providing signal Wide dynamic range output with excellent linearity. Superior temperature stability Phototubes show virtually no fluctuation with changes in the ambient temperature. Compared to semiconductor sensors, phototubes offer larger photosensitive area. Large photosensitive area Phototubes are designed to operate...

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PHOTOTUBES-3

ISPECTRAL RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS CATHODE RADIANT SENSITIVITY (mA/W)

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PHOTOTUBES-4

PHOTOTUBES ICHARACTERISTICS A Spectral Response Peak Wavelength Outline Tube Photocathode Diagram Diameter Area No. Min. (nm) (mm) Input Window Material Absolute Maximum Ratings B C Average Anode Peak Cathode Average Ambient Supply Cathode Current Cathode Temperature Voltage Current Density Current (V) GGLASS BULB TYPE For UV / High Power (Au Single Metal Photocathode) R4044 For UV / General Purpose (Cs-Te Photocathode) R1107 For UV to Visible (Sb-Cs Photocathode) R414 Borosilicate glass GMETAL PACKAGE TYPE For Vacuum UV (Diamond Photocathode) R6800U-26 For UV / General Purpose (Cs-Te Photocathode)...

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PHOTOTUBES-5

Radiant Sensitivity Interelectrode Capacitance Dark Current Recommended Operating Voltage Luminous Sensitivity DThe photocurrent from the photocathode per incident light flux (10-5 to 10-2 lumens) from a tungsten filament lamp operated at a distribution temperature of 2856 K. ESee peak wavelength. Bottom View GUIDE MARK ANODE Side View CATHODE INSULATION COVER (Polyoxymethylene) INSULATION COVER (Polyoxymethylene) GUIDE MARK ANODE Side View Bottom View INSULATION COVER (Polyoxymethylene) GUIDE MARK ANODE Side View CATHODE Top View INSULATION COVER (Teflon) INSULATION COVER (Teflon) 7.7 ± 0.3...

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PHOTOTUBES-6

PHOTOTUBES IEXAMPLE OF OPERATING CIRCUITS OPERATING CIRCUITS FOR PHOTOTUBES Figure 1 shows an operating circuit example using the phototube bias voltage also for the power to an operational amplifier. The feedback resistance Rf should be chosen so that the output voltage becomes 0.1 V to 1 V. Cf must be placed for stable operation and should be between 10 pF and 100 pF. It is recommended to use a low-bias, low-offset-current FET input operational amplifier. For the input terminal (pin 2), a guard pattern should be provided on the printed circuit board or a stand-off terminal made of Teflon should...

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PHOTOTUBES-7

G Maximum ratings Always operate the phototube within the maximum rating listed in this catalog. G The light input surface area should be as large as possible The output current available from a phototube is determined by the maximum average cathode current and maximum average cathode current density. If the light input surface area is small, even if the output current is below the maximum average cathode current, the maximum average cathode current density may be exceeded. Therefore, the light input surface area should be as large as possible to decrease the cathode current per unit surface...

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PHOTOTUBES-8

Subject to local technical requirements and regulations, availability of products included in this promotional material may vary. Please consult with our sales office. Information furnished by HAMAMATSU is believed to be reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. Specifications are subject to change without notice. No patent rights are granted to any of the circuits described herein. ©2011 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K., Electron Tube Division 314-5, Shimokanzo, Iwata City, Shizuoka Pref., 438-0193, Japan, Telephone: (81)539/62-5248,...

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