TUBE MODULES

People are said to get more than seventy percent of their information about our world from their eyes. However, there are vast sums of information and unknown possibilities hidden within light not visible to the naked eye. This kind of light includes ultraviolet, infrared, X-ray and ultra-low level light impossible for human eyes to detect. Since its founding Hamamatsu Photonics has for some 55 years been investigating not only light seen by the human eye but also light that far exceeds this level. Hamamatsu Photonics has marketed dozens of products and committed itself to pioneering work in...

Selection Guide Product Lineup Hamamatsu offers a full lineup of photomultiplier tube (PMT) modules adaptable to various kinds of applications and measurements. Now you can make the best choice from among our PMT modules available with diverse device characteristics and shapes, analog or digital outputs, CPU and interfaces for control and data transfer with computers and even gating function. Metal Package Type Compact Head-on Type Head-on Type Compact Side-on Type Side-on Type Photosensor Modules Current Output With Cooler With Gate Function Photosensor Modules Voltage Output Photon Counting...

Selection Guide Functions PMT module functions are shown with a chart format below. The PMT module is basically comprised of a photomultiplier tube to convert light into electrical signals, a high-voltage power supply circuit, and a voltage divider circuit to distribute the optimum voltage to each dynode, all assembled into a single compact case. In addition to these basic PMT modules, Hamamatsu also provides modules having various additional functions such as signal processing, cooling and interface to PC. Photomultiplier Tube + Voltage Divider Circuit + High-Voltage Power Supply Circuit Current...

Selection Guide Characteristics The table below shows characteristic comparison among different PMT modules, allowing you to easily find and compare the measurement wavelength range, time response, photosensitive area size and outer dimensions. Note: The measurement wavelength is shown as the wavelength range covered by the device series and may differ according to the individual product. The cubic ratio in the outer dimension column is compared by setting the volume of the H10720 series as a reference figure of 1. Photosensor Modules Type Outside Size Photosensitive Input Area (mm) Cubic Ratio...

Selection Guide Spectral Response The quantum efficiency of the PMT module is compared in the following graphs. Quantum efficiency is the conversion ratio of photoelectrons per photon and is a very important factor that determines the S/N characteristic. It is essential to select a PMT module having high quantum efficiency on the wavelengths of light to be measured. To obtain a lower detection limit with a good S/N ratio in low-light-level measurement, the dark current and dark count must also be considered as well as the quantum efficiency. Spectral response characteristics example of PMT modules...

Selection Guide Spectral response characteristics example of PMT modules sensitive to UV through near infrared light are shown in the graphs below.

Selection Guide Spectral photon counting sensitivity example of PMT modules are shown in the graphs below. 106

Selection Guide Constitution Examples Examples of how to use PMT modules and related products are shown below according to the type of measurement. Power connections to the PMT module and other products are not shown here. Check the product instructions for how to make the power supply connections. The cable ends of the cable output types (H10721, H9305, H7360 series, etc.) do not have connectors such as BNC connectors. We can install a connector (extra charge) if needed. Please specify the type of connector along with the cable length when placing your order. Connecting to oscilloscopes Commercial...

Selection Guide Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy Photon Counting Head Photon counting Commercial Counter Photon Counting Head RS-232C Photon Counting Head USB Photon Counting Head Current Output Type Photon Counting Selected for Photon Counting Unit (P.67)

Application Examples Advances in laser technology and high performance computers are allowing dramatic progress in research that studies the behavior of single molecules. Fluorescence-correlation spectroscopy is one technique for measuring single molecules. The principle of fluorescence-correlation spectroscopy was conceived in the 1970s, but it wasn't until the 1990s that the proper equipment was around to use it. The equipment structure is largely the same as the confocal laser microscope but there is no Galvano mirror, and only small area of solution is observed. The movement of the fluorescent...

Application Examples UV/VISIBLE LIGHT Multi-Photon Microscope In this method, fluorescent molecules can be excited with near infrared light by letting the molecules absorb two photons almost simultaneously, and the resulting visible to UV fluorescence is observed. The cross sectional area absorbing the two photons is extremely small, so nearly all the fluorescence must be detected as a signal at any position from the focal point. Other advantages are that nearly twice the wavelength is used compared to excitation by one photon. This not only means that unwanted effects from scattering and background...

Application Examples Portable Survey Meters Portable radiation measurement devices or survey meters are essential for detecting radioactive substances for public safety in customs inspections, nuclear power plants, and hospitals, etc. Among various radiation measurement devices, the most sensitive type uses a combination of photomultiplier tube and scintillator and offers sensitivity ranging from several ten to hundreds of times higher than Geiger-Müller counters (GM counters). Photomultiplier tubes used in this application must be compact, rugged, and easily coupled to scintillators, and also...

Application Examples Time-correlated Single Photon Counting Time-correlated single photon counting is used to measure lowlevel light emitted from a sample when excited with a pulsed laser, based on the theory that a histogram obtained by repeatedly measuring the single photon many times at a slightly delayed timing represents a waveform of the emitted light. Electrical signals produced by a laser driver are slightly delayed and used as trigger signals while the PMT module detects the light emission from a sample. The PMT module output pulse signals are then input to a time-to-amplitude converter...