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Guide to Reliable pH, Ion and Conductivity Measurements

Guide to Reliable pH, Ion and Conductivity Measurements
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Guide to Reliable pH, Ion and Conductivity Measurements

Product catalog summary
The MeterLab Concept
MeterLab by Radiometer Analytical integrates essential components for reliable pH, ion, and conductivity measurements, ensuring simplicity and error-free operation in both laboratory and field settings.
Electrode Selection
Radiometer Analytical offers a variety of electrodes, including combined pH, glass, reference, metal, ion-selective electrodes, and conductivity cells. Selection should be based on application needs, with a detailed table provided for guidance.
Red Rod Technology
Red Rod electrodes provide fast response times, long-term accuracy, and reproducibility. They handle a wide temperature range and offer stable signals by protecting reference elements from light interference.
Combined pH Electrodes
These electrodes require regular calibration and maintenance for optimal performance. Available in various lengths and diameters, they suit different applications, with Red Rod reference systems offering enhanced benefits.
Reference Electrodes
Reference electrodes provide stable potentials under various conditions. Radiometer Analytical offers both Red Rod and traditional technology electrodes, with options for double junctions and different liquid junctions to suit specific measurement needs.
Calibration and Maintenance Solutions
Radiometer Analytical provides high-quality standards and maintenance solutions to ensure the longevity and accuracy of electrodes. Accessories and additional equipment support reliable measurements.
Specifications
The document provides detailed specifications for various types of electrodes used in pH, ion-selective, and conductivity measurements. It includes information on materials, connection types, compatible instruments, and specific applications for each electrode type.
Procedures
The document outlines procedures for using electrodes, emphasizing the importance of temperature sensors in pH and ion-selective measurements. It provides guidelines for calibrating ion-selective electrodes, recommending several calibration points and ensuring calibration standards and samples have the same pH, temperature, and ionic strength.
Norms and Standards
The document mentions the accreditation of Radiometer Analytical's Calibration Laboratory by COFRAC, ensuring traceability and accuracy of pH and conductivity standards. It highlights the importance of using certified standards for reliable measurements.
Recommendations
Recommendations include using specific reference electrodes for different applications, disposing of mercury-containing electrodes according to regulations, and choosing the right conductivity cell based on application needs. It also advises on using black beakers for light-sensitive ion-selective electrodes.
Key Data from Tables and Figures
The document contains tables listing electrode types, part numbers, pH and temperature ranges, reference systems, and recommended reference electrodes. It includes a typical calibration curve for ion-selective electrodes, emphasizing the importance of calibration for accurate measurements.
Critical Information
- pH range for electrodes varies from 0 to 14, with temperature ranges from -10°C to 100°C.
- Ion-selective electrodes have specific concentration ranges and are sensitive to interfering ions.
- Conductivity cells are available in 2-pole, 3-pole, and 4-pole designs, with specific applications and temperature limits.
- Proper disposal of mercury-containing electrodes is crucial for environmental safety.
Specifications and Standards
This document outlines the specifications for pH and conductivity standards provided by Radiometer Analytical. The standards are guaranteed for a specific period, with pH standards having a 4-year guarantee (2 years for pH 12.45) and conductivity standards having a 2-year guarantee (1 year for 25 µS/cm).
Traceability and Accreditation
Each standard comes with a Certificate of Conformity and Traceability, ensuring full traceability to national standards. The Chemical Reference Laboratory of Radiometer Medical A/S is accredited for pH measurements by DANAK. Additionally, a Cofrac Verification Certificate is provided to prove traceability.
Product Range
The document lists various pH and conductivity standards, including their type, value, quantity, and part numbers. It mentions economical solutions for less demanding environments and a range of molar KCl solutions for calibrating conductivity cells.
Electrode Maintenance
Proper maintenance of electrodes is crucial for accurate and reproducible results. Radiometer Analytical offers a complete maintenance kit and various cleaning solutions tailored to different applications. Instructions for electrode storage and maintenance are provided to ensure longevity and performance.
Company Overview
Radiometer Analytical SAS specializes in electrochemical systems for routine testing, research, and teaching. The company offers a wide range of instruments, sensors, and calibration standards, ensuring reliable results at reasonable costs. Radiometer Analytical is ISO 9001 certified and has a long-standing reputation for excellence in pH, ion, and conductivity measurements, titration, and voltammetry.
Manufacturing Process
The document describes the manufacturing process of electrodes, highlighting the craftsmanship involved in creating combined pH electrodes. The process includes the blowing of the glass bulb from molten glass, showcasing the blend of traditional know-how and modern technology.
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Catalog excerpts

Guide to Reliable pH, Ion and Conductivity Measurements-1

Guide to Reliable pH, Ion and Conductivity Measurements - when you need to be sure…

 Open the catalog to page 1
Guide to Reliable pH, Ion and Conductivity Measurements-2

The MeterLab® Concept Following Good Laboratory Practice is second nature with MeterLab MeterLab from Radiometer Analytical incorporates all elements of the measuring chain - pH, ion and conductivity meters, electrodes and conductivity cells, solutions and sample handling - ensuring totally reliable measurements both in the laboratory and in the field. All elements are designed to make operation simple and error-free. The Right Electrode for your Application pages 4-5 Combined pH Electrodes pages 6-7 Reference Electrodes pages 8-9 Glass pH Electrodes page 10 Metal Electrodes page 11 Ion-selective...

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Guide to Reliable pH, Ion and Conductivity Measurements-3

Red Rod Electrodes Radiometer Analytical’s unique Red Rod Technology provides not only fast response time but also long-term accuracy and reproducibility. Red Rod electrodes feature: Reproducible measuring conditions ensured by the special bayonet head. The electrode fits into place in one easy movement and is fixed safely and securely in the same position for every measurement. Wide temperature range (0 to 100°C) thanks to fast temperature response of Red Rod Technology. Trouble-free liquid junction as Red Rod encapsulation of reference elements means no silver ions and therefore less risk of...

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Guide to Reliable pH, Ion and Conductivity Measurements-5

MC2095Sb XR820 XR440 XR200 XR400 XR150 XR110 REF921 REF601 REF621 REF451 REF421 REF401 REF361 REF321 REF251 REF201 Reference electrodes REF200 XG250 pHG311 pHG301 pHG211 pHG201 Applications pHG200 Glass electrodes Alkaline solutions Aqueous solutions Blood Education purposes Emulsions Fat/cream/cosmetics Field use Gel electrode Hops/beer Hydrofluoric acid Lacquer Liqueur etc. Long length >150 mm Low ionic strength Microsamples Milk Non-aqueous media Oil Paint Paper Penetration (cheese) Photo baths Sea water, swimming pools Soil Solids, high content of Suspensions Temperature, high or varying...

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Guide to Reliable pH, Ion and Conductivity Measurements-6

Combined pH Electrodes Red Rod combined pH electrodes BNC plug 103 mm All our electrodes are delivered with a Certificate of Conformity signed by the Total Quality Manager. This specifies the sensitivity, zero pH, response time and batch number of the electrode. We supply a bottle of filling solution with every combined pH electrode (with the exception of the GK2401B and GK2401C, and gel-filled electrodes). You may need a cable or plug adapter to connect your chosen electrode to your meter. Please see page 19. Type Part no. Type 7 -7 Part no. BNC -8 Reference system pH range Temperature range...

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Guide to Reliable pH, Ion and Conductivity Measurements-7

Penetration Microsamples pHC3031 XC161 pHC3359 E16M343 E16M325 Ag/AgCl 0 – 12 0 – 80°C 8 mm 14 mm Porous pin B10C161 Ag/AgCl 0 – 12 0 – 80°C 5 mm 8 mm Porous pin Ag/AgCl 0 – 12 0 – 80°C 3 mm 2 mm Fibre 3 M KCl + sat. AgCl 3 M KCl + sat. AgCl 3 M KCl + sat. AgCl General-purpose Gel-filled pHC3105 pHC3185 E16M329 E16M308 Ag/AgCl Ag/AgCl 2 – 12 2 – 12 0 – 80°C 0 – 80°C 12 mm 12 mm 18 mm 18 mm Opening Opening Robust Temp. sensor Solid gel Solid gel (3 M KCl) (3 M KCl) Never touch the electrode bulb with your fingers. Any grease may affect the electrode membrane and cause a drifting potential. 103...

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Guide to Reliable pH, Ion and Conductivity Measurements-8

Reference Electrodes Red Rod reference electrodes A reference electrode provides a stable potential whatever the measurement conditions. The main differences between reference electrodes are the type of reference system and the liquid junction. Radiometer Analytical offers electrodes using both Red Rod and traditional technology (calomel, silver-silver chloride, mercurous sulphate and mercuric oxide). 103 mm 20 mm Electrodes with a double junction are mostly designed for measurements using ion-selective electrodes or samples sensitive to Cl - or K+. 103 mm 103 mm Banana plug Sleeve junctions...

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Guide to Reliable pH, Ion and Conductivity Measurements-9

35 mm 103 mm 185 mm Cinch plug 103 mm 103 mm 90 mm Temperature sensors 160 mm 35 mm 35 mm Salt-bridge junctions T101 E51M003 -10 – 105°C 7.5 mm Glass PYE PHM83/85 ION83/85 CDM83 T201 E51M001 -10 – 105°C 7.5 mm Glass Cinch PHM2XX CDM2XX PHM9X T202 E51M002 -10 – 105°C 7.5 mm Glass Cinch PHM2XX CDM2XX PHM9X PYE plug Type Part no. Lower diameter Junction Special features AL100 AL110 B40A520 B40A550 12 mm 8 mm Ceramic Ceramic for Ø 7.5 or 8 mm ref. electrodes AL120 B40A610 8 mm Ceramic for ref. electrodes with ground joint During measurement, the salt-bridge junction (also called liquid junction protection...

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Guide to Reliable pH, Ion and Conductivity Measurements-10

Glass pH Electrodes Red Rod glass pH electrodes BNC plug 20 mm 103 mm Certain electrodes are made with special glass for pH measurements in strongly alkaline solutions. These electrodes allow measurements within the 0 - 14 pH range without significant deviation from the theoretical response. Glass pH electrodes are always used in combination with reference electrodes. To find the right reference electrode for your application, refer to pages 8 and 9. The zero pH of Red Rod glass pH electrodes when used with their recommended reference electrode is approximately pH 6.65. The zero pH of glass pH...

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Guide to Reliable pH, Ion and Conductivity Measurements-11

Metal and Combined Metal Electrodes Single and combined metal electrodes can be used for redox measurements, redox titrations or potentiometric techniques whereas double metal electrodes are ideal for imposed current potentiometric titration. Radiometer Analytical’s electrode range features single, double and combined metal electrodes with platinum, silver, gold, antimony, mercury and glassy carbon sensing elements. Temperature range Lower diameter Reference system Liquid junction Connection Salt-bridge solution Banana plug Screw cap 2 x banana Kappa no. titrations MC408Pt* 945-390 Platinum ring...

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Guide to Reliable pH, Ion and Conductivity Measurements-12

Ion-selective Electrodes The use of ion-selective electrodes constitutes a quick and cost-effective method of determining ionic activity. Each electrode is carefully checked before packing and is delivered with an individual control report including information such as the response curve, checkpoint value and slope. 103 mm 103 mm For details of the reference electrodes recommended for use with ion-selective electrodes, please see pages 8 and 9. 103 mm Screw cap Due to their quality and diversity, Radiometer Analytical ion-selective electrodes efficiently solve various analytical problems of species...

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*Prices are pre-tax. They exclude delivery charges and customs duties and do not include additional charges for installation or activation options. Prices are indicative only and may vary by country, with changes to the cost of raw materials and exchange rates.