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Orbital Welding

Orbital Welding
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Neumo Ehrenberg Group Automated ©rbital OTeldin

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Clamping System Closed Chamber Weld Head

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heat chemical composition

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Shielding Gas Atmosphere: ARGON 5) Low ionization potential 5-\ ^ess hea 6) Low thermal conductivity L-/ ferr • Good gap-bridging ability

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Shielding Gas Atmosphere: HYDROGEN (2-5% "Very effective reducer)^> Cleaner welds • Increases heat input 2> Increased weld Improves puddle wetting

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Butt Welding: Heat-to-Heat variation surface-active elements surface-active elements

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Schematic Configoration of Surface Fluid Flow ("Marangoni Effect")

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Surface Tension-Driven Fluid Flow Schematic Model © Negative surface tension temperature coefficien ® Positive surface tension temperature coefficient

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Sharp pointed electrode Additions of helium and / or hydrogen

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Combination of low thermal conductivity and high thermal expantion: • Residual Stresses Distortion of thin sections in lightly restrai Less heat input r More frequent tack welds - Implementing heat sinks Restraining using J & F

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Typical Weld Microstructure in Austenitic Stainless Steel Crbide Precipitation Cast Weld Metal ariation in grain size

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Temperature ProfiI During Welding Carbides Precipitation

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Sensitizing Effect ("Coking") Chromium Carbides

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Carbide Precipitation in Stainless Steels

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I.D. Bead Meander ("Snaking") Tube Contamination Hardness Changes Island Inclusions (Metallic & Non-Metallic) Excessive Head Purge

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• Organic / Hydrocarbon Residues Contamination (Oil, Grease, Paint, Etc.) r Excessive Moisture or Condensation Sources Promoting Porosity in Welds

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r Lower cost for machined parts. Inclusion Rating : «■ "Pits", "Stringers", "Pin-Holes" after passivation Resetting of weld parameters. Solidification Temperature Range Increased segregation in weld. Rouoher weld bead surface.

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(?. c) Effect of Various Elements OJns^ on Weld Penetration • Sulfur s=> Very strongly increases. •Oxygen s=> Dissolved oxygen -^^B Very strongly increases. m r Aluminums Very strongly decreases by removing dissolved 02 to form r Silicon s=>Max. at approx. 0.50%. PhOSphorOUS No effect in range of

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