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2013-2014 Passenger Cars & Light Duty Vehicles

2013-2014 Passenger Cars & Light Duty Vehicles

Product catalog summary

Worldwide Testing Procedures & Standards
This section discusses global standards for vehicle emissions testing, focusing on regions like the EU, US, Japan, South Korea, and Brazil. It highlights differences in regulatory approaches and efforts towards harmonization under the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP).

Exhaust Emissions Standards

European Union: Covers the evolution from Euro 1 to Euro 6 standards, detailing requirements for passenger cars and light-duty trucks, type approval processes, and vehicle categories.
US Federal and California: Discusses Tier II standards and California's LEV I to LEV III standards, focusing on pollutants like NMOG and SFTP.
Japan: Details emissions standards and driving cycles specific to Japan.
Other Regions: Briefly mentions standards in South Korea, Brazil, and other areas.

On-Board Diagnostics (OBD)
Explains OBD system requirements in the EU and US, noting differences between gasoline and diesel vehicles.

Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions
Discusses measurement methods for fuel consumption and CO2 emissions, referencing test fuels used in the EU and US.

Evaporative Emissions Standards
Outlines test procedures for evaporative emissions, including on-board refueling vapor recovery systems.

Motorcycles
Describes emissions standards for motorcycles in the EU, US, and other regions, including the World Motorcycle Test Cycle (WMTC).

Glossary
Provides definitions of technical terms used throughout the document.

Emission Limits and Regulations Overview

Euro 5-6 Emission Limits: Passenger cars must comply with Euro 6 standards, with specific limits for gasoline DI engines.
Compression Ignition Emission Limits: Specifies limits for various vehicle categories under Euro 5 and 6 standards.
Implementation Roadmap: Outlines transition dates for Euro standards from 2011 to 2019.
Durability Requirements: Sets durability at 160,000 km with specific deterioration factors.
In-Service Conformity and Low Temperature Tests: Requires conformity up to 100,000 km or 5 years, with low temperature tests for NOx performance.
Driving Cycles: Discusses Real Driving Emissions (RDE) checks for Euro 6c.
US Federal Tier II Standards: Applies to cars and trucks up to 8,500 lbs GVWR, with phased implementation from 2004 to 2009.
California LEV Standards: Defines emission categories and limits for different vehicle categories.
Particulate Emission Standards: Requires certification to particulate standards with a phase-in schedule by 2021.

Emission Detection Thresholds:
Details detection thresholds for medium-duty vehicles and misfire monitoring conditions for various vehicle types.

US On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) for Diesel Vehicles:
Monitors systems like particulate matter systems and exhaust gas sensors for malfunctions.

Emission Reduction Strategies:
Includes monitoring systems like NOx adsorbers and particulate matter filters with specific thresholds.

Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions:
Discusses EU and US regulations on CO2 emissions, including CAFE standards and California's CO2 reduction regulation.

Regulatory Compliance:
California's CO2 standards align with EPA compliance, setting phased limits on emissions.

Overview: Summarizes international regulations on fuel consumption and CO2 emissions for passenger cars and light-duty vehicles.

California and EPA Regulations: Details California's CO2 emission standards and adoption by other states.

CO2 Emission Targets: Provides tables and equations for calculating CO2 target values based on vehicle footprint.

International Standards: Discusses Japan, China, South Korea, and Taiwan's fuel economy standards.

Fuel Specifications: Details specifications for unleaded gasoline and diesel, including new technologies for efficiency.

Evaporative Emissions Standards: Outlines testing procedures and standards for evaporative emissions in the US and EU.

Evaporative Emissions Standards

Temperature Test Sequence: Describes a sequence for evaporative emissions testing.
Enhanced Evaporative Emissions: Harmonizes EPA and CARB requirements with specific limits.
CARB LEV II and III Requirements: Extends standards to 150,000 miles or 15 years.
On-Board Refueling Vapor Recovery (ORVR): Details phase-in schedules for different vehicle types.
Motorcycle Emissions Standards: Provides emissions limits for motorcycles under various standards.
Global Motorcycle Emissions Standards: Summarizes requirements for motorcycles in various countries.
Glossary: Defines technical terms and acronyms used throughout the document.

Key Terminology and Acronyms:

RDE: Real World Driving Emissions
RM: Reference Mass
SEA: Selective Enforcement Audit
SG: Specific Gravity of Fuel (US)
SI: Spark Ignition
SHED: Sealed House for Evaporation Determination
TA: Type Approval
UDDS: Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule
VT SHED: Variable Temperature SHED
WC: Working Cycle
WLTC: Worldwide Light Duty Test Cycle
WLTP: Worldwide Light Duty Test Procedure

Administrations & Associations:

ACEA: European Car Manufacturer Association
CARB: California Air Resources Board
ECE: Economic Commission for Europe
EPA: US Environmental Protection Agency
EU: European Union
MVEG: Motor Vehicle Emissions Group, advisory expert committee to the EU commission

Contact Information:

Troy Offices: 5725 Delphi Drive, Troy, Michigan 48098-2815, USA. Tel: (1) 248.813.2000, Fax: (1) 248.813.2673
Asia Pacific Regional Offices: #118, De Lin Road, Wai Gao Qiao Free Trade Zone, Pudong, Shanghai, 200131, China. Tel: (86) 21.2896.8866, Fax: (86) 21.5046.3937
European, Middle Eastern, South American, and African Regional Offices: Avenue de Luxembourg, L - 4940 Bascharage, G.-D. of Luxembourg. Tel: (352) 50.18.1, Fax: (352) 50.18.22.88
South American Regional Offices: Av. Goiás, 1860, São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo 09550-050, Brazil. Tel: (55) 11.4234.9500, Fax: (55) 11.4234.9628

Additional Information:

Delphi offers free Worldwide Emissions Standards Booklets to customers, available electronically at delphi.com/emissions-pc. For further information, contact the emissions expert at (352) 5018.4370 or email [email protected].

Catalog excerpts

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Worldwide Emissions Standards Passenger Cars and Light Duty Vehicles

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Table of Contents Table of Contents WW Testing Procedures & Standards Exhaust Emissions Standards Economic Commission for Europe WLTP European Union Type Approval & Vehicle Categories Euro 1-4 Euro 5-6 Driving Cycles US Federal Tier II Standard Driving Cycles California LEV I LEV II LEV III NMOG SFTP Driving Cycles Japan Emissions Standards Other Requirements Driving Cycles South Korea Brazil Other Areas of the World EU Reference Test Fuels US Reference Test Fuels Evaporative Emissions Standards Conventional US/EU Test Procedures Enhanced Evaporative Emissions On-Board Refuelling Vapour Recovery...

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The benefits of diesel common rail. Now available for small engines. The Delphi Unit Pump Common Rail System leverages advanced diesel common rail technology for small engine programs. It’s a cost-effective, robust solution to help manufacturers achieve optimal efficiency and meet stringent emissions standards. Visit:

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WORLDWIDE TESTING PROCEDURES AND STANDARDS Japan Standards on 10.15 mode + 11 mode cycles EU 2005 long Term Standards 10.15 + 11 mode cycles 2000/2002 Standards on 10.15 mode + 11 mode cycles 1993 Euro 1 2009 Post new long Term Mode cycle JC 08 2011 Euro 5+ European Union countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom.

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ECE ECE regulations are similar to EU directives. A base regulation is updated with a ECE-R-83/05 ⇒ Content equivalent to 98/69/EC European Directive consecutive series of amendments. Dates of implementation differ from country = EC 2000 and EC 2005 (Euro 3 and Euro 4) to country, depending on the approval status of the respective amendment in ECE-R-83/05 supplement 1 to 9 that country. ⇒ Contains provisions for OBD and access to repair information ECE-R-83/00 ⇒ Content equivalent to 88/76/EEC and ⇒ Contains the emission test procedure for periodically Regulation ECE-R15/04 (approval A) regeneration...

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WLTP WLTC Version 5 (Proposal) Scope: World harmonized way to determine Passenger Car CO2 emissions; toxic emissions in a second phase Cycle construction: - Extra high speed part only for European Union and US - India and Japan require special high and extra high speed part for vehicles with low power/mass ratio Test Conditions: Be representative for real world driving conditions. AC on/ off; daylights on/off; audio system on/off; battery state of charge; ambient temperature during test, vehicle weight, etc. are being debated and defined in separate working groups Additional items for worldwide...

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Nothing beats our direct approach. Delphi gasoline direct injection. The Delphi Multec® GDi system bests competitors. Our injector has a lower noise signature, superior resistance to deposits, flex fuel compatibility and industry leading linear range. Systems include new high pressure pumps and controllers. Innovation for the Real World

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EUROPEAN UNION Type Approval Test Type I Tailpipe Emissions after a cold start 2) Type II CO Emission test at idling speed Type III Emissions of crankcase gases Type IV Evaporative Emissions Type V Durability of anti-pollution devices Type VI Low temperature test - OBD Vehicle Categories Requirement Directive 70/156/EC, as amended by Directive 2007/46/EC See pages 8-16 Test cycle: see pages 17-18 Determination of reference value for I/M 1) & COP. Standard: zero emission See page 84 See pages 8-16 See pages 10, 16 See pages 51-54 Category Description Sub- Number Mass Limit category of Persons...

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EUROPEAN UNION EURO 1-4 - PASSENGER CARS M (≤ 2,5 t GVW, ≤ 6 seats) Directive Text Number Application Date month/year TA: 07/1992 TA: 01/1996 TA: 01/2000 TA: 01/2005 FR: 01/1993 FR: 01/1997 FR: 01/2001 FR: 01/2006 Test type - URBAN (40 sec idle) URBAN (40 sec idle) Rev. Urban (10 sec idle) Rev. Urban (10 sec idle) + EUDC + EUDC + EUDC + EUDC Combustion Type SI CI SI CI 2) SI CI SI CI 4) HC g/km - - - - 0,20 - 0,10 NOX g/km - - - - 0,15 0,5 0,08 0,25 HC + NOX g/km 0,97 (1,13) 0,97 (1,13) 0,50 0,70 - 0,56 - 0,30 CO g/km 2,72 (3,16) 2,72 (3,16) 2,20 1,00 2,30 0,64 1,00 0,50 PM mg/km - 140 (180)...

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EUROPEAN UNION EURO 1-4 - LARGE PASSENGER CARS AND LIGHT DUTY TRUCKS N1 (> 2,5 t GVW, 7-9 seats, LDT ≤ 3,5 t) Directive Text Number 93/59/EEC (EC93) 96/44/EC or 94/12/EC and 93/116/EEC(EC96) Vehicle Class Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 ≤ 1250 kg 1) > 1250 kg > 1700 kg 1) ≤ 1250 kg 1) > 1250 kg > 1700 kg 1) ≤ 1700 kg 1) ≤ 1700 kg 1) Application Date month /year Test type - Combustion Type HC g/km NOX g/km HC + NOX g/km CO g/km PM mg/km EOBD - 1) 5) 70/220/EEC, as amended by 98/69/EC and 2003/76/EC Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 4) 70/220/EEC, as amended by 98/69/EC and 2003/76/EC Class...

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EUROPEAN UNION OTHER EURO 3-4 REQUIREMENTS • • • • Onboard diagnostics requirements for gasoline, LPG, NG and diesel Enhanced evaporative emissions requirements Low temperature test for gasoline vehicles Quality of market gasoline & diesel fuels (Dir 98/70/EC as amended by 2003/17/EC) New types from 1 January 2002 New types from 1 January 2003 New types from 1 January 2003 Measurement of HC and CO at -7°C (266K) during the urban part of the revised NEDC (780 seconds) Deterioration factors are not applied Reference Fuel option with higher RVP and density Gaseous Fuel (LPG or NG) vehicles are exempt...

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EUROPEAN UNION SMOKE - DIESEL ONLy Directive 72/306/EEC amended by Directive 2005/21/EC 2 tests are required: 1 Speed stabilised under full load as a reference for checking production which should not be greater than this value more than 0,5 m-1. Additional requirement for turbo engines: XM ≤ SL (corresponding to max SM) +0,5 m-1. Conversion of Diesel Smoke values Light absorption coefficient [m-1] 8,0 7,0 6,0 Exhaust Emissions Standards Calculated according both tests: XL1= (SL/SM)*XM and XL2 = XM + 0,5 The lowest numerical XL value will be marked on the vehicle and will be used Hartridge smoke...

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