Mobile Off-Highway Emissions. Choosing The Right Technology For Tier 4.

Cummins Off-Highway Emissions Technology Introduction Cummins engines are designed to provide customers with the highest levels of reliability, durability, performance and dependability at the lowest cost of operation. At the same time, we are committed to meeting or exceeding clean air standards worldwide. This document describes the technology options Cummins is developing to meet emissions requirements for the off-highway market. It discusses several technologies as well as their advantages and challenges. Cummins has long been a pioneer in emissions research and development. We have invested...

Cummins Strategy – The Right Technology Matters Cummins is a leading global manufacturer and Cummins component technology companies, supplier to very diverse worldwide markets joint ventures, customer partnerships and our and customers. As emissions regulations relationships with universities and national are becoming more stringent worldwide, laboratories uniquely position us to design, Cummins leadership in combustion research, manufacture and implement the best solutions fuel systems, air handling, aftertreatment, for off-highway markets. Today and in the filtration and control systems becomes...

Evolution of Mobile Off-Highway Standards In 996, the first EPA emissions regulations, By 204, EPA Tier 4 Final, EU Stage IV and known as Tier , went into effect for diesels used Japanese off-highway regulations call for PM in mobile off-highway applications in the United and NOx levels to be reduced more than 90% States. This was mirrored three years later in from current levels for most power categories. Europe with EU Stage I regulations. Since then, The use of advanced engine technology and the U.S. EPA and its counterparts in Canada, exhaust aftertreatment will be required to Europe and...

Emissions Technology - Cummins MidRange and Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines ■ Fuel System/Controls (mechanical to electronic) ■ Charge Air Temperature Control jacket-water aftercooled [JWAC] to air-to-air aftercooled [CAC]) ■ EGR (cooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation) and VGT (Variable Geometry Turbocharging) While the gap between on- and off-highway emissions is closing, the effect dates for equivalent off-highway emissions levels generally lag on-highway by a few years. This chart illustrates the types of technology driven by on- and off-highway emissions and followed the on-highway market. While the...

Cummins – Off-Highway Engines Tier / Stage IIIA Tier 2 QSK78 QSK60 QSK50 QSK45 QSK8 QST0 QSK2 QSK9 QSX QSM QSC/QSL QSB4.5/QSB6.7 B./QSB. A Series* 0 200 400 600 800 000 200 400 600 800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 000 200 400 600 *Meet Tier 4 Interim below 49 hp Current Emissions Standards Cummins has a broad product line of certified off-highway diesel engines providing power from -500 hp (2-260 kW). engine acceleration. Certification and labeling requirements also vary. These differences cause additional work for manufacturers, but the standards are close enough to permit the sale of common products...

Engine Combustion Simulation Particulate Matter Fuel-Rich Region Liquid Fuel The primary focus of the Tier 3/Stage IIIA standard has been NOx reduction. Cummins advanced in-cylinder solution, electronic controls and advanced fuel systems for Tier 3/ Stage IIIA provide a key building block as we move forward to the next level of off-highway The same expertise with advanced in-cylinder combustion and high-pressure common-rail fuel systems has been applied to Cummins range of high-horsepower engines over 751 hp (560 kW) to achieve Tier 2 emissions levels, introduced in January 2006 for applications...

Next-Generation Standards Tier 4 Interim and Stage IIIB Tier 4 Interim regulations take effect in North America in January 20 for engines above 7 hp (29 kW). Equivalent EU Stage IIIB regulations begin at the same time for European Union countries, while similar regulations commence in October 20 for Japan. A maximum of 5-ppm sulfur content in diesel fuel will be regulated for these offhighway applications in North America and 0 ppm in Europe and Japan. As detailed in the chart on pages 0 The regulations require a major reduction of particulate matter (PM) and also require significant oxides of...

For engines less than 49 hp (7 kW), Tier 4 began in January 2008 and required a PM reduction of 50%. For this power category, Cummins has achieved Tier 4 emissions reductions using advanced in-cylinder combustion without the need for exhaust aftertreatment. Tier 4 Interim standards begin in 20 for engines greater than 75 hp (560 kW) in the U.S. and Canada, but are not applicable in Tier 4 Final and Stage IV In January 204, EPA Tier 4 Final and EU Stage IV reduce NOx emissions by an additional 45% for engines above 7 hp (29 kW). Similar NOx reductions will also be required for engines above 74...

Steady-state test characterizes emissions at eight isolated points typical of engine operation. Emissions are measured under a hot-stabilized engine condition. Test Certification 20 EPA, EU and Japanese off-highway emissions regulations will require both engine and aftertreatment to be certified compliant This transient test cycle is more representative as a single emissions system, replacing of actual non-road engine operation in service. engine-only measured emissions with Emissions, particularly PM, are more difficult to tailpipe-measured emissions. control in the transient cycles. Engine...

ULSD Fuel Standards In meeting the 2011 emissions requirements, diesel fuel is a critical part of the solution. Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) is necessary for most aftertreatment technology as high levels of sulfur will render the aftertreatment less effective and may not be emissions-compliant The introduction of ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel provides other beneficial effects beyond ensuring effective operation of aftertreatment. It inherently produces less PM from combustion and will also enable a major reduction in sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from off-highway engines. due to the increased...