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Multifunctional Ceramics Division

Multifunctional Ceramics Division
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Multifunctional Ceramics Division

Product catalog summary
Introduction
The document from CeramTec GmbH's Multifunctional Ceramics Division explores the use of advanced ceramics in piezo applications, emphasizing their role in converting mechanical quantities into electrical signals and vice versa across various industries.
Specifications and Applications
Piezoceramics are essential in electromechanical transducers, converting forces, pressures, and accelerations into electrical signals. They are used in automotive safety systems, gas ignition, ultrasonic cleaning, drilling, welding, sonar technology, non-destructive material testing, and medical diagnostics.
Fundamentals of Piezoceramics
Piezoceramics exhibit piezoelectric properties, generating electrical charges under mechanical stress and deforming under an electric field. The document details the perovskite structure of piezoceramics, primarily lead zirconate titanate (PZT), and the polarization process necessary for piezoelectric behavior.
Polarization Process
Polarization aligns electric dipoles in the ceramic body, crucial for piezoelectric behavior. The document describes the hysteresis and butterfly curves, illustrating relationships between dielectric displacement, electric field strength, and strain.
Recommendations
Engagement with CeramTec experts during the development phase of new systems is recommended to define application conditions, requirement criteria, and design prerequisites, ensuring cost-effective solutions and high-quality production.
Specifications and Material Properties
Piezoceramic materials deform in response to an electric field, illustrated by the "butterfly curve." The document discusses depolarization factors, including thermal, electric, and mechanical influences, and recommends lifetime tests under application-like conditions.
Material Categories and Applications
CeramTec's SONOX® brand materials are categorized for various applications: Power Transducers (SONOX® P4, P8), Sensors (SONOX® P5, P502, P504, P508), Actuators (SONOX® P505, P53), and Special Materials (SONOX® P6, P51).
ROHS Compliance and Recycling
The document addresses ROHS directive compliance, noting exemptions for piezoceramic components containing lead compounds, and offers recycling services for uncontaminated components.
Manufacturing Process
The manufacturing process involves mixing, calcining, pressing, sintering, and polarizing, ensuring high precision and quality with compliance to TS 16949 standards. Quality control is rigorous to meet customer-specific requirements.
Shapes and Dimensions
Piezoceramic components come in various shapes and dimensions, with standard tolerances of ±1% for dimensions and specific tolerances for thickness and resonance frequency.
Dynamic Behavior
Piezoceramic components change dimensions periodically when connected to AC voltage, with resonance frequencies influenced by stiffness and mass, resulting in increased oscillation amplitude.
Applications
Piezoceramics are used in automotive, medical, mechanical engineering, and consumer applications, including knock sensors, sonar transducers, lithotripters, ultrasonic diagnostics, and gas lighters.
Recommendations for Terminal Connections
For soldering connections, a temperature-controlled soldering iron with a tip temperature of 320 °C is recommended, using silver-containing solder for silver electrodes.
Materials for Sensor Applications
Materials like SONOX® P5, P502, and P504 are preferred for sensor applications due to high coupling factors and charge constants, suitable for low-power applications and impulse operations.
Introduction to Piezoelectric Ceramics
Piezoelectric ceramics convert mechanical quantities into electrical quantities and vice versa, used in electromechanical transducers across various frequency ranges.
Specifications and Parameters
Key parameters include Elastic Compliance, Piezoelectric Charge Constant, Voltage Constant, Dielectric Permittivity, and Curie Temperature.
Procedures and Calculations
Formulas are provided for calculating properties and behaviors of piezoelectric ceramics, such as voltage, capacitance, and mechanical quality factor.
Standards and Testing
Measurements are conducted according to EN 50324 standards, with properties varying based on dimensions and production methods.
Conclusion
Piezoelectric ceramics are versatile materials with wide applications in converting mechanical and electrical signals, influenced by factors like temperature, time, and production methods.
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Catalog excerpts

Multifunctional Ceramics Division-1

Geschäftsbereich Multifunktionskeramik Multifunctional Ceramics Division CeramTec GmbH Multifunctional Ceramics Division Luitpoldstraße 15 91207 Lauf Germany MF080007 • DE/EN • 1.000 • 1308 • atio (3373) • Printed in Germany Hochleistungskeramik in der Piezotechnik Advanced Ceramics in Piezo Applications Gesamtansicht außen

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Multifunctional Ceramics Division-2

Immer aktiv: Keramik in der Piezotechnik A powerful presence – ceramics in piezo applications Notizen Notes 2 Piezokeramiken dienen der Umwand- tromechanischer Wandler als Antriebe für lung von mechanischen Größen, wie hydraulische und pneumatische Ventile, Druck und Beschleunigung in elektri- sche Größen, oder umgekehrt von elek- trischen Signalen in mechanische Bewe- Piezoelektrische Sensoren Piezoceramic sensors • Leistungsultraschallgeber High-power ultrasonic gung oder Schwingungen. Bei dieser großen Vielfalt der AnwenPiezokeramische dungsmöglichkeiten ist es sinnvoll, schon in der Entwicklungsphase...

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Multifunctional Ceramics Division-3

3 Piezoceramics are capable of converting The operation of piezoceramic actua- mechanical quantities such as pressure tors relies on the ability of piezo elements and acceleration into electrical quantities to produce controlled deformation in the or, conversely, of transforming electri- micrometer range. This characteristic en­ cal signals into mechanical movement or ables new applications for electromecha­ nical transducers as drivers in hydraulic and pneumatic valves, positioning systems, Piezoceramic components are used in a broad spectrum of electromechanical systems for liquid and gaseous...

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Multifunctional Ceramics Division-4

Grundlagen der keramischen Piezotechnik Fundamentals of piezoceramics 4 Direkter piezoelektrischer Effekt Direct piezoelectric effect Piezoelectrics: performance under Unter Piezoelektrizität versteht man Piezoelectricity is based on the ability of die Eigenschaft bestimmter Kristalle, bei certain crystals to generate an electrical mechanischer Deformation infolge Druck charge when mechanically loaded with oder Zug elektrische Ladungen freizuset- pressure or tension (direct piezo effect). zen (direkter Piezoeffekt). Die Umkehrung Conversely, these crystals undergo a con­ dieses Vorgangs, nämlich...

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Multifunctional Ceramics Division-5

Keramiken, die den Piezoeffekt zeigen, Ceramics exhibiting piezoelectric pro- gehören zur Gruppe der Ferroelektrika. perties belong to the group of ferroelec- Heute werden fast ausnahmslos Systeme tric materials. Today‘s systems are based mostly on lead zirconate titanate (PZT), wendet, also Mischkristalle aus Bleizirko- i.e., they consist of mixed crystals of lead zirconate (PbZrO3) and lead titanate ein polykristallines Gebilde, also aus einer Vielzahl von Kristalliten (Domänen) aufge- Piezoceramic components have a poly- baut, die wiederum aus einer Vielzahl von crystalline structure comprising...

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Multifunctional Ceramics Division-6

Grundlagen der keramischen Piezotechnik Fundamentals of piezoceramics Schematische Darstellung der idealen Perowskit- Schematic diagram of an ideal perovskite structure, struktur unter Vernachlässigung der auftretenden Ver- neglecting distortions due to spontaneous polarization zerrungen durch spontane Polarisation unterhalb der below Curie temperature. The bivalent cation is loca- Curietemperatur. Im Zentrum des Würfels befindet ted in the center of the cube, while the tetravalent sich das zweiwertige Kation, während die vierwerti- cations form the cube corners. The bivalent anions gen Kationen...

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Multifunctional Ceramics Division-7

Unmittelbar nach dem Sinterprozess des Immediately after sintering, the do­ keramischen Körpers zeigen die Domänen mains of a ceramic body (i.e., the areas (Bereiche mit Elementarzellen einheitlicher c ­ onsisting of elementary cells of uniform Dipolrichtung) eine willkürliche Orientie- dipole direction) will show an arbitrary rung mit statistischer Verteilung, so dass (statistically distributed) orientation, i.e., der makroskopische Körper isotrop ist und the macroscopic body is isotropic and in diesem Zustand keinen piezoelektri- shows no piezoelectric properties. schen Effekt zeigt. These...

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Multifunctional Ceramics Division-8

Grundlagen der keramischen Piezotechnik Fundamentals of piezoceramics 8 Die bei diesem Vorgang erzeugte rema- Durchfährt man diese Kurve mit positi- In other words, the material exhibits pie- nente Polarisation wird durch die untenste- vem und negativem Feld mehrmals, stellt zoelectric properties. When an opposed hende Abbildung erläutert, die die elektri- man fest, dass Hin- und Rücklauf nicht field is applied, D will decrease and disap- sche Verschiebungsdichte D als Funktion übereinstimmen. Die sich bildende Schlei- pear at a given field strength the coercive der angelegten Feldstärke E zeigt....

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Multifunctional Ceramics Division-9

9 Trägt man, wie im nächsten Bild dar- If we plot the strain S of the ceramic gestellt, die Dehnung S des keramischen body over the field strength E, as in the Körpers in Abhängigkeit der angelegten next illustration, we obtain a “butterfly Feldstärke E ein, erhält man die sogenann- curve“. The strain S initially grows fol- te Schmetterlingskurve. S wächst anfangs lowing the “initial curve“ (starting from 0) entlang der Neukurve und erreicht eine before it reaches a saturation point. At Sättigung. Im Remanenzpunkt bleibt auch the remanence level, the ceramic will reta- die remanente Dehnung Sr...

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Multifunctional Ceramics Division-10

A full or partial elimination of the do- werden beeinträchtigt, wenn die beim main alignment achieved by the polarizing Polen erreichte Ausrichtung der Domänen process (depolarization) will degrade the ganz oder teilweise zerstört wird (Depola- piezoelectric properties of the material. Drei Einflussgrößen können zur Depola- three factors: risation führen: • Thermal depolarization due to heat • Thermische Depolarisation durch Er- exposure. In application environments, wärmung. In der Anwendung sollte die the component temperature should not exceed one-half the Curie temper- Datenblatt angegebenen...

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