Pneumatic automation from basic principles to practical techniques EN
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CAMOZZI AUTOMATION PNEUMATIC AUTOMATION CAMOZZI COMPETENCE CENTRE Contacts Camozzi Automation S.p.A. Società Unipersonale Via Eritrea, 20/I 25126 Brescia Italy Tel. +39 030 37921 competence@camozzi.com A Camozzi Group Company PNEUMATIC AUTOMATION FROM BASIC PRINCIPLES TO PRACTICAL TECHNIQUES

Published by Camozzi Automation S.p.A. Società Unipersonale Via Eritrea, 20/I 25126 Brescia Itay Tel. +39 030 37921 info@camozzi.com 2019 Edition All rights reserved. Every intellectual property right on the contents of this manual is reserved for the purposes of the legislation. All the contents of these pages (title, texts, images and drawings included) may not, either totally or in part, be reproduced, published or distributed in any way without the prior written consent.

CAMOZZI COMPETENCE CENTRE PNEUMATIC AUTOMATION FROM BASIC PRINCIPLES TO PRACTICAL TECHNIQUES

THE IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION IN PNEUMATICS Camozzi Competence Centre Expertise and passion Providing innovative high quality solutions to clients, Einstein stated “It is the supreme art of the teacher to offering efficiency, quality and reliability with awaken joy in creative expression and knowledge”. components adapted to the requirements of each It is now even more essential to institute an ongoing sector, thereby resulting in maximum added value training program which includes theoretical in terms of both performance and customer benefit, principles to complement knowledge acquired this...

THE UTILIZATION OF PNEUMATIC AUTOMATION IN THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR Knowledge, imagination, creativity Progress begins here Knowledge is our greatest asset, and when the principles upon which the operation of knowledge, imagination and creativity coalesce, the products and respective applications are based. ideas are born, which stimulate progress and growth. In particular, process automation displays unique The rapidity of technological evolution features within each sector with pneumatics which characterizes this industry, demands representing one of the most common technologies, that...

CAMOZZI TECHNOLOGY AND TAILOR-MADE INDUSTRIAL SOLUTIONS Camozzi Automation is one of the leading Camozzi Automation is an international international groups operating in the field of network based in Italy with a presence on all pneumatic components for industrial automation. continents, comprising sales offices and workshops in 21 countries, with exclusive distributors With 6 manufacturing plants, structured according covering over 75 countries. to the principles of “Lean Production”, and supported by MARC (Mechatronic Application Research Center), Continuous technological research,...

CAMOZZI AUTOMATION > PNEUMATIC AUTOMATION Index Chapter 1 PHYSICS The air Atmospheric pressure Absolute and relative pressure Boyle’s law The effect of temperature on gases Gay-Lussac’s law Relationship between pressure, volume and temperature Pressure and flow rate Pascal’s principle Venturi’s principle Mechanical concepts Magnetism and electromagnetism Chapter 2 AIR PRODUCTION AND PREPARATION 38 Compressors 40 From the compressor to the air receiver 41 From the receiver tank to the point of use 43 Pipe size calculations 44 Treatment of compressed air: - the filter - coalescing filters 47...

CAMOZZI AUTOMATION > PNEUMATIC AUTOMATION Manual operation of poppet valves Mechanical operation of poppet valves Mini poppet valves 3/2-way spool valves 5/2-way spool valves Manual and mechanical operating devices for spool valves Pneumatic operating devices for the valves Directly operated solenoid valves Servo solenoid valves with internal pilot Servo solenoid valves with external pilot Three-position valves Blocking valves: - unidirectional - bidirectional Double 2/2-way and 3/2-way valves Signal processing valves Nominal flow rate Sizing of directional control distribution valves and...

CAMOZZI AUTOMATION > PHYSICS

CAMOZZI AUTOMATION > PHYSICS The air Atmospheric pressure Absolute and relative pressure Boyle’s law The effect of temperature on gases Gay-Lussac’s law Relationship between pressure, volume and temperature Pressure and flow rate Pascal’s principle Venturi’s principle Mechanical concepts Magnetism and electromagnetis

CAMOZZI AUTOMATION > PHYSICS Every entity having mass and space dimensions is defined matter and is made up of minute particles called “molecules”. Matter exists in the following forms: • solid, the molecules are rigidly bound, consequently the solids take on their own shape and volume; • liquid, the molecules are not rigidly bound together, they possess volume and assume the shape of the container which holds them; • gaseous, the molecules move freely - to the point that the distance between them varies continuously, as does their relative positions. Gases therefore have neither shape nor...

CAMOZZI AUTOMATION > PHYSICS Atmospheric pressure Air possesses weight as a result of the Earth’s gravity. The sensation of weight exerted on anything it comes into contact with is called atmospheric pressure. One of the characteristics of atmospheric pressure is that it varies according to the altitude. The maximum value is at sea level (zero altitude) and decreases as the altitude increases. This is due to the weight of the air on the lower layers of the atmosphere being greater than the weight on the upper layers. At sea level the atmospheric pressure is an average of 760 mm Hg and...

CAMOZZI AUTOMATION > PHYSICS The height which the column of water must achieve to equal the atmospheric pressure is 10,3 m. In the International System the unit of measurement of pressure is the Pascal (Pa) and is equal to the pressure of a Force of 1 N over 1 m2. 1 Pa = 1 N ⁄ m2 A much used multiple of Pa is the bar (even though it doesn’t belong to the International System): 1 bar ≈ 100.000 Pa ≈ 0,1 MPa The table below illustrates the most common units of measure: bar mercury column column of water same weight 10,33 Newton Absolute and relative pressure In this chapter we observe the...