High Energy Detection Solutions Beyond The Visible

Contents 03 Overview 04 Detection Beyond The Visible 06 High Energy Detection 09 The Interfaces 10 O - ‘Open Front’ 11 F - ‘Fiber-Optic’ 12 X - ‘In Vacuum’ 13 Y - ‘Stand Alone’ 14 The Camera Platforms 16 Extending Andor’s ‘Standard’ Cameras For High Energy Detection 17 Standard Ultra Sensitive Cameras For Lens Coupled Indirect Detection 18 Focus On High Energy Spectroscopy 20 Customer Special Request (CSR) 22 High Energy Camera Capabilities 24 Defining A Solution 26 Software Solutions 27 Accessories 28 Application and Technical Notes 50 Standard Part Numbers 52 Research Papers 55 Looking After...

Detection Beyond The Visible Andor's high energy camera solutions cover a broad wavelength range, spanning VUV, EUV, X-ray and gamma regions. Detection is achieved either through direct detection of the high energy photon by the sensor or by indirect detection of visible photons emitted from a phosphor or scintillator, either a fiber-optic or a lens coupled to the detector. Extreme Ultraviolet Soft to Hard X-ray Hard X-ray Hard X-ray to Gamma Typical Application Soft X-ray Imaging / Microscopy X-ray Spectroscopy (e.g. SAXA), Plasma Diagnostics Diffraction / Crystallography, Phase Contrast Imaging...

High Energy Detection The two main methods of detecting high energy photons with scientific cameras are ‘Direct’ and ‘Indirect’ detection. Direct Detection Indirect Detection Andor employs the notation ‘S’ to indicate cameras that are optimal for detection of ‘soft’ lower energy photons. Andor employs the notation ‘H’ to indicate cameras that are optimal for detection of ‘hard’ higher energy photons. With direct detection, the incident VUV to soft X-ray photon is absorbed directly within the silicon of the sensor resulting in the production of multiple electron-hole pairs. This method of detection...

The Interfaces Andor has a comprehensive portfolio of imaging and spectroscopic camera platforms developed for use in a wide range of high energy applications. To suit these many different requirements it is often necessary to modify the camera’s interface to allow optimal integration with the sampling environment. In this section we will explain Andor’s dedicated range of interface types and their associated identifiers: O, X, Y and F. The interface identifier is then combined with either the ‘S’ or ‘H’ identifier. Together these then fully define both the energy range and sampling environment...

Interface - ‘Open Front’ design Interface - ‘Fiber-Optic’ design Andor’s ’O’ interface type describes an open front design, coupling directly onto a vacuum chamber’s port, ensuring maximum detection efficiency and spatial resolution. A number of Andor’s camera platforms can be configured with the ‘F’ type protruding fiberoptic interface, ideal for indirect detection of high energy X-ray or gamma photons that are incident on a phosphor or scintillator. ‘Open front’ cameras are designed to be coupled to the outside of a vacuum chamber. There are two types of sealing options available: knife edge...

Interface - ‘In Vacuum’ design Andor’s ‘In Vacuum’ systems have no input window and are designed to be positioned inside a vacuum chamber, offering direct detection sensitivity from VUV to soft X-ray. The entire camera, including casing and electronics, are completely vacuum compatible. The camera is connected to the controlling PC, outside of the chamber, via a shielded detector cable. The cable supplies both power and data handling between the camera and the PCI card placed in the PC. This shielded link allows the camera to operate in harsh or noisy environments. Features Andor’s ‘In Vacuum’...

The Camera Platforms Newton High performance CCD camera with variable readout rates at up to 3 MHz through plug and play USB interface. Model Options Interface Options Active Pixels This cutting edge EMCCD camera provides both single photon sensitivity and fast frame rates. Sensor Options Available Model Options Interface Options Active Pixels Maximum full frame rate (fps) Sensor Options Available Imaging and Spectroscopic ICCD with Nanosecond time resolution at 5 MHz readout rates through plug and play USB interface. Perfect for VUV Spectrographs. A large area 4 megapixel CCD camera optimised...

Extending Andor’s ‘Standard’ Cameras For High Energy Detection Extending to the ‘UV’ Andor’s standard range of ultra-sensitive imaging and spectroscopy camera platforms can be readily customized with a MgF2 window, extending detection in the UV down to ~120 nm. Note, the system performance is also dependent on the QE of the sensor in the UV wavelength range. Standard Andor sensor types that are sensitive in the UV region include: • Lumogen coated (UVB) • Virtual phase (VP) • Enhanced silicon (BU2) • Open electrode (OE) Features MgF2 window allowing transmission down to 120 nm Both spectroscopic...

Focus On High Energy Spectroscopy Engineered from the outset with ease-of-use and performance in mind, Andor’s Spectroscopy systems feature a combination of market leading CCD, Intensified CCD detectors and UV-NIR spectral instruments. Andor’s vacuum-compatible CCDs and Intensified CCDs combine seamlessly with market leading VUV, EUV and XUV spectral instruments to provide ultra-sensitive, ultra-fast solutions for demanding high-energy Spectroscopy setups. New iStar ICCD USB 2.0 platform, with a unique software controlled, ultra-low-jitter on-board Digital Delay Generator (DDG™) and high-voltage,...

Customer Special Request (CSR) At Andor we realise that, sometimes, even our adaptable and flexible off the shelf products are not enough to meet some of the more demanding application requirements of our customers. A CSR solution can encompass a complete system, a single camera or an accessory. Here are some examples of Andor’s CSR capabilities. For this reason we provide a bespoke service to our customers, whereby a dedicated highly experienced team of engineers and application specialists provide customer specific solutions. The process involves discussing your core requirements, advising...