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AD9915

AD9915
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AD9915

Product catalog summary
Overview: The AD9915 is a high-performance Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) with a 12-bit Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) designed by Analog Devices. It operates at an internal clock speed of 2.5 GSPS and can generate frequency-agile analog output waveforms up to 1.0 GHz. It supports fast frequency hopping and fine tuning resolution, making it suitable for various high-frequency applications.
Key Features:
  • 2.5 GSPS internal clock speed with a 12-bit DAC.
  • Frequency tuning resolution to 135 pHz and 16-bit phase tuning resolution.
  • Programmable modulus and automatic frequency sweeping capabilities.
  • 32-bit parallel datapath interface and 8 frequency/phase offset profiles.
  • Phase noise of −128 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset at 978 MHz.
  • Wideband SFDR less than −57 dBc.
  • Supports both serial and parallel I/O control.
  • Operates with 1.8 V/3.3 V power supplies and includes power-down features.
  • 88-lead LFCSP package with PLL REF CLK multiplier.
  • Multichip synchronization and modulation capabilities.
Applications:
  • Agile LO frequency synthesis.
  • Programmable clock generation.
  • FM chirp source for radar and scanning systems.
  • Test and measurement equipment.
  • Acousto-optic device drivers and polar modulators.
  • Fast frequency hopping applications.
Specifications:
  • DC Specifications: Operates with supply voltages of 1.8 V and 3.3 V, with specific current requirements for different pins. Total power dissipation varies based on operational modes.
  • AC Specifications: The REF CLK input frequency ranges from 500 MHz to 2500 MHz, with specific requirements for duty cycle and input levels. The DAC output frequency range is up to 1250 MHz with specified SFDR values.
Functional Description: The AD9915 integrates a DDS core with a 12-bit DAC, supporting various modulation modes including single tone, profile modulation, digital ramp, and parallel data port modulation. It features a digital ramp generator and supports multichip synchronization for complex applications.
Programming and Control: The device can be programmed via serial or parallel interfaces, with detailed timing specifications provided for both. It includes a register map for configuring various operational parameters.
Performance Characteristics: The document provides typical performance characteristics, including phase noise and SFDR measurements, under specified conditions.
Conclusion: The AD9915 is a versatile and high-performance DDS suitable for a wide range of high-frequency applications, offering precise control over frequency, phase, and amplitude with robust synchronization and modulation capabilities.
Operational Modes:
  • Single Tone Mode: Uses profile programming registers to supply DDS signal control parameters.
  • Profile Modulation Mode: Allows independent access to profiles for FSK, PSK, or ASK modulation using external profile pins.
  • Digital Ramp Modulation Mode: Utilizes a digital ramp generator to control DDS signal parameters, with programmable ramp generation parameters.
  • Parallel Data Port Modulation Mode: Directly supplies DDS signal control parameters from a 32-bit parallel data port.
  • Programmable Modulus Mode: Alters the frequency equation of the DDS core to implement non-power-of-2 fractions in the denominator.
Functional Block Details: The DDS core generates a reference signal with parameters controlled by frequency tuning word (FTW), phase offset word (POW), and amplitude scale factor (ASF). The output frequency is determined by the FTW and system clock frequency. The document provides equations for calculating FTW, POW, and ASF values.
DAC Output: The AD9915 includes a 12-bit DAC with balanced outputs to reduce common-mode noise. An external resistor (RSET) is used to establish the reference current, with a recommended value of 3.3 kΩ. Proper load termination is crucial to avoid distortion and damage.
Calibration: DAC calibration is necessary after power-up or changes to the REF CLK or system clock. The calibration time is calculated based on the system clock frequency, with additional considerations for multiple device synchronization.
Figures and Tables: The document includes figures illustrating phase noise, DAC calibration time, frequency sweeps, and equivalent circuits. Table 6 summarizes the priority of data sources for DDS signal control parameters.
Procedures: The document outlines the setup of the REF_CLK/REF_CLK input for generating the SYSCLK signal, with options for direct input or using an internal PLL multiplier. It details the configuration for differential and single-ended signal sources and the importance of VCO calibration when using the PLL.
Standards and Recommendations: For optimal performance, the document recommends good filter design and implementation techniques. It also advises on the use of specific charge pump current settings based on the N divider range for the PLL.
Additional Features: The document describes the Output Shift Keying (OSK) function for controlling DDS output amplitude and the Digital Ramp Generator (DRG) for sweeping phase, frequency, or amplitude. It explains the DRG's programmable ramp characteristics and slope control, emphasizing the importance of setting appropriate limits and clearing the ramp accumulator when necessary.
Normal Ramp Generation: Normal ramp generation involves clearing both no-dwell bits. The process is depicted in a waveform with control signals, showing the DRG output and status of the DROVER output pin. Key parameters include upper and lower limits, step size, and time intervals for slopes. Events are numbered and described, demonstrating the flexibility of the DRG to program different slopes.
No-Dwell Ramp Generation: No-dwell ramp generation adds flexibility by using no-dwell high and low bits. When set, the DRG output snaps between limits without ramping back. The DRCTL pin monitors state transitions, and setting both no-dwell bits enables continuous ramping between limits.
DROVER Pin: The DROVER pin indicates the DRG status, showing Logic 1 at programmed limits. With both no-dwell bits set, it pulses positive for two DDS clock cycles at limits.
Frequency Jumping Capability: The AD9915 allows frequency skipping during sweeps using the frequency jump enable bit. This feature requires frequency jump values to lie within the sweep range and follow specific rules.
Power-Down Control: The device can independently power down the digital core, DAC, and input REF CLK circuitry. Power-down is controlled via software or external hardware, with options for full or fast recovery modes.
Programming and Function Pins: The AD9915 features a 32-bit parallel port for programming and modulation control. The port configuration is determined by function pins, with various modes for frequency, phase, and amplitude control. Table 10 outlines possible configurations.
Parallel Mode: The 32-pin port is divided into data, address, and control bits. Data bits (Bits[31:16]) are used for register content, address bits (Bits[15:8]) target specific device registers, and control bits (Bits[2:0]) manage read/write functions and data bus width. The parallel mode supports data rates up to 200 MBps for 16-bit data and 100 MBps for 8-bit data.
Serial Mode: Activated with function pins F[3:0] = 0001, this mode uses five pins for serial communication, supporting data rates up to 80 Mbps. It includes chip select, serial clock, and I/O synchronization functionalities.
Direct Mode: When F[3:0] = 0010 to 1101, the port provides direct access to DDS parameters: frequency, phase, and amplitude. The amplitude resolution is 12 bits, despite being indicated as 16 bits.
Modulation Capabilities: The combination of F[3:0] pins and Bits[31:0] allows direct control of DDS parameters, supporting wideband modulation requirements with sample rates up to 156 MSPS. Matched latency can be enabled to synchronize parameter propagation times.
Parallel Port Streaming: The parallel port can operate without an I/O update when the streaming enable bit is set. Otherwise, data is transferred to the DDS core only upon asserting the IO_UPDATE pin.
Serial Programming: The serial port supports synchronous communication with read/write access to all configuration registers. It can be configured for 2-wire or 3-wire interfaces, with optional pins for enhanced flexibility.
Serial I/O Operation: The serial communication cycle includes an instruction phase and a data transfer phase. The SYNCIO pin can abort operations and reset the serial port controller. Data is transferred to active registers upon an I/O update.
Parallel Programming: The parallel interface uses eight address lines and either eight or 16 data lines, determined by the logic state on Pin 22. It allows single I/O operations for register access and includes readback capability.
Register Descriptions: The document provides a comprehensive breakdown of the AD9915's registers, including serial and parallel I/O port registers. Each register is described with its address, bit range, and default values. The registers are organized by profiles (P5, P6, P7) and control functions (CFR1, CFR2, CFR3, CFR4).
Control Function Registers:
  • CFR1: Controls features like VCO calibration, sine/cosine output selection, and digital ramp accumulator settings.
  • CFR2: Manages profile mode, parallel data port modulation, and digital ramp generator functionalities.
  • CFR3: Includes settings for input divider, PLL enablement, and charge pump current selection.
  • CFR4: Focuses on DAC calibration and auxiliary divider power settings.
Digital Ramp Generator (DRG): The document details the configuration of the DRG, including registers for setting lower and upper limits, step sizes, and ramp rates. These settings are crucial for controlling the frequency modulation capabilities of the AD9915.
Key Considerations:
  • A master reset is required after power-up to ensure registers return to default values.
  • The DAC calibration must be manually set and cleared after each power-up or clock change to maintain optimal performance.
  • Programming bits are not transferred until the I/O_UPDATE pin is asserted or a profile pin change occurs.
Digital Ramp Slope Rates: The document describes two 16-bit digital ramp slope values: the negative slope rate, which defines the time interval between decrement values, and the positive slope rate, which defines the time interval between increment values.
Frequency Jump Registers: The Lower Frequency Jump Register (Address 0x09) and Upper Frequency Jump Register (Address 0x0A) are effective when specific bits in the CFR2 register are enabled. These registers contain 32-bit values that determine the points at which the output frequency jumps to the opposite frequency value during a sweep, maintaining phase continuity.
Profile Registers: There are 16 serial I/O addresses dedicated to device profiles, with eight profiles for single tone frequencies and eight for phase offset and amplitude parameters. The profile mode is enabled by setting a specific bit in CFR2, and the active profile is selected using external pins.
USR0 Register: This register includes a PLL lock readback bit, default programming bits, and settings for SYNC signal calibration and delay adjustments for multichip synchronization.
Outline Dimensions and Ordering Guide: The document provides dimensions for the 88-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package and lists ordering options, including temperature range and package descriptions. The package is compliant with JEDEC standards, with exceptions noted for minimum thickness and lead count.
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Catalog excerpts

AD9915-1

2.5 GSPS Direct Digital Synthesizer with 12-Bit DAC AD9915 Data Sheet FEATURES Software and hardware controlled power-down 88-lead LFCSP package PLL REF CLK multiplier Phase modulation capability Amplitude modulation capability Multichip synchronization 2.5 GSPS internal clock speed Integrated 12-bit DAC Frequency tuning resolution to 135 pHz 16-bit phase tuning resolution 12-bit amplitude scaling Programmable modulus Automatic linear and nonlinear frequency sweeping capability 32-bit parallel datapath interface 8 frequency/phase offset profiles Phase noise: −128 dBc/Hz (1 kHz offset at 978 MHz) Wideband SFDR < −57 dBc Serial or parallel I/O control 1.8 V/3.3 V power supplies APPLICATIONS Agile LO frequency synthesis Programmable clock generator FM chirp source for radar and scanning systems Test and measurement equipment Acousto-optic device drivers Polar modulator Fast frequency hopping FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM AD9915 HIGH SPEED PARALLEL MODULATION PORT SERIAL OR PARALLEL DATA PORT LINEAR SWEEP BLOCK Document Feedback Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 ©2012–2014 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Technical Support www.analog.com

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AD9915-3

Data Sheet GENERAL DESCRIPTION AD9915 via a serial or parallel I/O port. The AD9915 also supports a user defined linear sweep mode of operation for generating linear swept waveforms of frequency, phase or amplitude. A high speed, 32-bit parallel data input port is included, enabling high data rates for polar modulation schemes and fast reprogramming of the phase, frequency, and amplitude tuning words. The AD9915 is a direct digital synthesizer (DDS) featuring a 12-bit DAC. The AD9915 uses advanced DDS technology, coupled with an internal high speed, high performance DAC to form a digitally programmable,...

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AD9915-4

Data Sheet SPECIFICATIONS DC SPECIFICATIONS AVDD (1.8V) and DVDD (1.8V) = 1.8 V ± 5%, AVDD (3.3V) and DVDD_I/O (3.3V) = 3.3 V ± 5%, TA = 25°C, RSET = 3.3 kΩ, IOUT = 20 mA, external reference clock frequency = 2.5 GHz with reference clock (REF CLK) multiplier bypassed, unless otherwise noted. Table 1. Parameter Test Conditions/Comments SUPPLY VOLTAGE DVDD_I/O DVDD AVDD (3.3V) Pin 16, Pin 83 Pin 6, Pin 23, Pin 73 Pin 34, Pin 36, Pin 39, Pin 40, Pin 43, Pin 47, Pin 50, Pin 52, Pin 53, Pin 60 Pin 32, Pin 56, Pin 57 See also the total power dissipation specifications Pin 16, Pin 83 Pin 6, Pin 23,...

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AD9915-5

Data Sheet AC SPECIFICATIONS AVDD (1.8V) and DVDD (1.8V) = 1.8 V ± 5%, AVDD3 (3.3V) and DVDD_I/O (3.3V) = 3.3 V ± 5%, TA = 25°C, RSET = 3.3 kΩ, IOUT = 20 mA, external reference clock frequency = 2.5 GHz with reference clock (REF CLK) multiplier bypassed, unless otherwise noted. Table 2. Parameter REF CLK INPUT REF CLK Multiplier Bypassed Input Frequency Range Duty Cycle Minimum Differential Input Level System Clock (SYSCLK) PLL Enabled VCO Frequency Range VCO Gain (KV) Maximum PFD Rate CLOCK DRIVERS SYNC_CLK Output Driver Frequency Range Duty Cycle Rise Time/Fall Time (20% to 80%) SYNC_OUT Output...

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AD9915-6

AD9915 Parameter PARALLEL PORT TIMING Write Timing Address Setup Time to WR Active Address Hold Time to WR Inactive Data Setup Time to WR Inactive Test Conditions/Comments Data Hold Time to WR Inactive WR Minimum Low Time WR Minimum High Time Minimum WR Time Read Timing Address to Data Valid Address Hold to RD Inactive RD Active to Data Valid RD Inactive to Data Tristate RD Minimum Low Time RD Minimum High Time SERIAL PORT TIMING SCLK Clock Rate (1/tCLK ) SCLK Pulse Width High, tHIGH SCLK Pulse Width Low, tLOW SDIO to SCLK Setup Time, tDS SDIO to SCLK Hold Time, tDH SCLK Falling Edge to Valid...

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AD9915-7

Data Sheet Parameter DATA LATENCY (PIPELINE DELAY) Single Tone Mode or Profile Mode (Matched Latency Disabled) Frequency Phase Amplitude Single Tone Mode or Profile Mode (Matched Latency Enabled) Frequency Phase Amplitude Modulation Mode with 32-Bit Parallel Port (Match Latency Disabled) Frequency Phase Amplitude Modulation Mode with 32-Bit Parallel Port (Match Latency Enabled) Frequency Phase Amplitude Sweep Mode (Match Latency Disabled) Frequency Phase Amplitude Sweep Mode (Match Latency Enabled) Frequency Phase Amplitude Test Conditions/Comments SYSCLK cycles = fS = system clock frequency...

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AD9915-8

Data Sheet ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS AVDD (1.8V), DVDD (1.8V) Supplies AVDD (3.3V), DVDDJ/O (3.3V) Supplies Digital InputVoltage Digital Output Current Storage Temperature Range Operating Temperature Range Maximum Junction Temperature Lead Temperature (10 sec Soldering) Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions...

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AD9915-9

Data Sheet PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS OSK DROVER DRHOLD DRCTL SYNC_IN SYNC_OUT AVDD (3.3V) REF LOOP_FILTER AVDD (1.8V) AVDD (1.8V) REF CLK REF CLK AVDD (3.3V) AVDD (3.3V) AGND AVDD (3.3V) AGND DAC_RSET AVDD (3.3V) AGND DAC_BP NOTES 1. THE EPAD MUST BE SOLDERED TO GROUND. DVDD (1.8V) DGND PS0 PS1 PS2 F0 F1 F2 F3 AVDD (1.8V) AGND AVDD (3.3V) AGND AVDD (3.3V) AGND AGND AVDD (3.3V) AVDD (3.3V) AOUT AOUT AVDD (3.3V) AGND Description Parallel Port Pins. The 32-bit parallel port offers the option for serial or parallel programming of the internal registers. In addition, the parallel...

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AD9915-10

Data Sheet DVDD (1.8V) DGND DVDD_I/O (3.3V) AVDD (1.8V) AGND Description Parallel Port Pin/Address Line. The state of the F0 to F3 function pins determines if this pin acts as a line for direct FSK, PSK, or ASK data or as an address line for programming the internal registers. Parallel Port Pin/Serial Port Synchronization Pin. This pin is D4 for direct FSK, PSK, or ASK data. If serial mode is invoked via F0 to F3, this pin is used to reset the serial port. Parallel Port Pin/Serial Data Output This pin is D3 for direct FSK, PSK, or ASK data. If serial mode is invoked via F0 to F3, this pin is...

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