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AD9856 CMOS 200 MHz Quadrature Digital Upconverter

AD9856 CMOS 200 MHz Quadrature Digital Upconverter
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AD9856 CMOS 200 MHz Quadrature Digital Upconverter

Product catalog summary
Overview: The AD9856 is a CMOS 200 MHz Quadrature Digital Upconverter by Analog Devices, integrating a high-speed DDS, a 12-bit DAC, clock multiplier circuitry, digital filters, and DSP functions on a single chip. It is designed for communications applications prioritizing cost, size, power dissipation, and dynamic performance.
Features: The AD9856 offers a low-cost modulator solution with a DC to 80 MHz output bandwidth, integrated 12-bit DAC, programmable sample rate interpolation filter, and reference clock multiplier. It supports burst and continuous transmission modes, single-tone mode for frequency synthesis, and has four programmable modulator profiles. It operates on a +3 V single supply and is available in a space-saving surface-mount package.
Applications: Suitable for HFC data, telephony, video modems, wireless and satellite communications, and cellular base stations.
Specifications: Operates with a reference clock input frequency range of 5 MHz to 200 MHz, depending on the REFCLK multiplier setting. Features a 12-bit resolution DAC with a full-scale output current range of 5 to 20 mA. Offers a wideband SFDR of up to 70 dBc and a narrow-band SFDR of 80 dBc at 70 MHz output.
Functional Description: Supports complex quadrature modulator mode and single-tone output mode. Accepts programmable input data formats and operates with an input sample rate of up to 50 Msamples/sec. Includes interpolating half-band filters to enhance performance.
Power and Timing: Requires a +3 V power supply with typical current consumption of 530 mA under full operating conditions. Features a serial control bus with a maximum frequency of 10 MHz and specific timing requirements for clock pulse width and data setup/hold times.
Absolute Maximum Ratings: Maximum junction temperature is 150°C, with an operating temperature range of -40°C to +85°C. ESD sensitive, requiring proper handling.
Pin Configuration: Detailed pin configuration with specific functions for each pin, including data inputs, clock inputs, and control signals.
Specifications and Functional Overview: Supports modulation modes like QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, and 256-QAM. Features a TxENABLE function for data sampling synchronization and continuous mode operation. Includes an inverse SINC filter for DAC roll-off precompensation and a full sleep mode to reduce power consumption to less than 6 mW.
Performance Characteristics: Provides spectral plots for different modulation schemes, showing performance metrics such as output power levels and frequency ranges.
Power Consumption: Analyzed against clock speed, CIC rate, and TxENABLE duty cycle. Operates efficiently at different configurations.
Control and Configuration: Configured via a serial control bus with registers managing functions like REFCLK multiplier settings, CIC gain, continuous mode, and sleep mode.
Theory of Operation: Processes 12-bit data words split into I/Q data streams, upsampled through half-band filters and a CIC filter, then shifted to the desired carrier frequency using a DDS.
Conclusion: The AD9856 is a versatile digital synthesizer suitable for various modulation schemes and applications, offering efficient data processing and power management.
Procedures: Outlines data conversion from input sample rate to SYSCLK output sample rate, using inverse SINC filters for DAC output spectrum distortion correction.
Input Timing Modes:
  • Burst Mode: No external data clock needed; data oversampled using SYSCLK.
  • Continuous Mode: Requires full-word input format; TxENABLE acts as a data input clock.
Half-Band Filters (HBFs): Includes three HBFs for sampling rate increase and signal integrity maintenance.
Recommendations: Ensure REFCLK and input word rate maintain an integer ratio relationship. Limit fundamental output frequency to 40% of SYSCLK to minimize aliasing.
Frequency Response and Filtering Techniques: Discusses HBF, CIC filters, and ISF, addressing data bandwidth attenuation challenges and solutions for optimizing signal processing.
Inverse SINC Filter (ISF) and Frequency Response: Corrects SINC envelope distortion, effective up to the Nyquist frequency.
Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) Function: Generates sine/cosine carrier signals modulated by I/Q data paths, allowing precise tuning of output carrier frequency.
D/A Converter: Uses a 12-bit DAC to convert digital waveforms to analog signals, maintaining a spurious-free dynamic range.
Reference Clock Multiplier: Includes an on-chip programmable clock multiplier to reduce the need for high-frequency reference clocks.
Throughput and Latency: Data latency described in terms of SYSCLK cycles, affected by CIC interpolation rate and third half-band filter engagement.
Control Interface: Features a flexible synchronous serial communications port compatible with various microcontrollers.
Configuration and Synchronization: Requires careful handling of configuration changes, especially during multibyte transfers.
Timing Specifications: Provides detailed timing specifications for data write and read operations.
Programming the AD8320/AD8321: Gain control managed through the AD9856 serial port.
Modulator Profiles: Supports four modulator profiles, each defining output frequency, interpolation rate, spectral inversion, filter bypass, and gain control.
Power Dissipation Considerations: Influenced by digital switching currents, clock rates, and configuration settings.
Evaluation Board: Available for the AD9856, facilitating analysis and control via a PC.
Support: Assistance available for the AD9856 and its evaluation board through Analog Devices.
Implementation Details: Provides technical details on the implementation of the AD9856 Digital Modulator and AD8320/AD8321 Programmable Cable Driver Amplifier for use in a 5 MHz to 65 MHz HFC Return-Path Application.
Specifications: Presented in a 48-Lead Low Profile Quad Flat Package (LQFP) compliant with JEDEC standards.
Diagrams: Illustrate the basic implementation and equivalent I/O circuits of the AD9856 and associated components.
Ordering Information: Lists the model AD9856AST, available in the ST-48 package option.
Compliance and Standards: Package compliant with JEDEC standards.
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Catalog excerpts

AD9856 CMOS 200 MHz Quadrature Digital Upconverter-3

Parameter Temp Test Level Min Typ Max Unit REF CLOCK INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Frequency Range REFCLK Multiplier Disabled Full VI 5 200 > 1 MHz REFCLK Multiplier Enabled at 4 ח Full VI 5 50 MHz REFCLK Multiplier Enabled at 20 Full VI 5 10 MHz Duty Cycle 25װC V 50 % Input Capacitance 25C V 3 pF Input Impedance 25аC V 100 MΩ DAC OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Resolution 12 Bits Full-Scale Output Current 5 10 20 mA Gain Error 25C I ТȒ10 +10 %FS Output Offset 25C I 10 е A Differential Nonlinearity 25C V 0.5 LSB Integral Nonlinearity 25аC V 1 LSB Output Capacitance 25C V 5 pF Phase Noise @ 1 kHz Offset, 40 MHz...

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AD9856 CMOS 200 MHz Quadrature Digital Upconverter-4

Parameter Temp Test Level Min Typ Max Unit TIMING CHARACTERISTICS Serial Control Bus Maximum Frequency Full IV 10 MHz Minimum Clock Pulse Width High (t > PWH ) Full IV 30 ns Minimum Clock Pulse Width Low (t > PWL ) Full IV 30 ns Maximum Clock Rise/Fall Time Full IV 1 ms Minimum Data Setup Time (t > DS ) Full IV 25 ns Minimum Data Hold Time (t > DH ) Full IV 0 ns Maximum Data Valid Time (t > DV ) Full IV 30 ns Wake-Up Time > 2 Full IV 1 ms Minimum RESET Pulse Width High (t > RH ) Full IV 5 REFCLK cycles CMOS LOGIC INPUTS Logic 1 Voltage 25C I 2.6 V Logic 0 Voltage 25аC I 0.4 V Logic 1 Current...

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AD9856 CMOS 200 MHz Quadrature Digital Upconverter-5

Parameter Rating Maximum Junction Temperature 150аC Storage Temperature −65C to +150аC V > S 4 V Operating Temperature −40C to +85аC Digital Inputs −0.7 V to +V > s Lead Temperature (Soldering 10 sec) 300C Digital Output Current 5 mA Ў > JA Thermal Impedance 38ذC/W > ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although this product features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges....

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AD9856 CMOS 200 MHz Quadrature Digital Upconverter-7

Functional Block Mode Description Operating Modes 1. Complex quadrature modulator mode. 2. Single-tone output mode. Input Data Format Programmable: 12-bit, 6-bit, or 3-bit input formats. Data input to the AD9856 is 12-bit, twos complement. Complex I/Q symbol component data is required to be at least 2 oversampled, depending upon configuration. Input Sample Rate Up to 50 Msamples/sec @ 200 MHz SYSCLK rate. Input Reference Clock Frequency For DC to 80 MHz A > OUT operation (200 MHz SYSCLK rate) with REFCLK multiplier enabled: 10 MHz to50 MHz, programmable via control bus; with REFCLK multiplier...

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AD9856 CMOS 200 MHz Quadrature Digital Upconverter-12

S = +3VCIC = 2+25C +V > S = +3VCIC = 2200 MHz +25аC HB3 = OFFHB3 = ON +V > POWER CONSUMPTION (mW) POWER CONSUMPTION (mW) 800100012001400 1600 CLOCK SPEED (MHz) 10501150 125013501450 Tx ENABLE DUTY CYCLE 140120160180200 257550100 > 00637-C-020 S = +3VCIC = 2200 MHz+25C 64 HB3 = OFFHB3 = ON +V > POWER CONSUMPTION (mW) 12001300 140015001600 CIC RATE 1603248 > 00637-C-021

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AD9856 CMOS 200 MHz Quadrature Digital Upconverter-13

Register AD9856 Register Layout Address (hex) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Default (hex) Profile 00 SDO Active LSB First REFCLK Mult.<4> REFCLK Mult.<3> REFCLK Mult.<2> REFCLK Mult.<1> REFCLK Mult.<0> Reserved 15 N/A 01 CIC Gain Continuous Mode Full Sleep Mode Single-tone Mode Bypass Inverse Sinc Filter Bypass REFCLK Mult. Input Format Select <1> Input Format Select <0> 06 N/A 02 Frequency Tuning Word <7:0> 04 1 03 Frequency Tuning Word <15:8> 00 1 04 Frequency Tuning Word <23:16> 00 1 05 Frequency Tuning Word <31:24> 00 1 06 Interpolator Rate <5> Interpolator Rate <4> Interpolator...

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AD9856 CMOS 200 MHz Quadrature Digital Upconverter-14

Input Format Select Register Address 01h, Bits 1 and 0, form the input format mode bits. 10b = 12-bit mode 01b = 6-bit mode 00b = 3-bit mode Default value is 10b (12-bit mode). > SDO Active Register Address 00h, Bit 7. Active high indicates serial port uses dedicated in/out lines. Default low configures serial port as single-line I/O. LSB Firstח Register Address 00h, Bit 6. Active high indicates serial port access is LSB-to-MSB format. Default low indicates MSB-to-LSB format. > REFCLK Multiplierח Register Address 00h, Bits 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 form the reference clock multiplier. Valid entries range...

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AD9856 CMOS 200 MHz Quadrature Digital Upconverter-16

The sampled carrier is ultimately destined to serve as the input data to the digital-to-analog converter (DAC) integrated on the AD9856. The DAC output spectrum is distorted due to the intrinsic zero-order hold effect associated with DAC-generated signals. This distortion is deterministic, however, and follows the familiar SIN(x)/x (or SINC) envelope. Because the SINC distortion is predictable, it is also correctabletherefore, the presence of the optional inverse SINC filter preceding the DAC. This is a FIR filter, which has a transfer function conforming to the inverse of the SINC response....

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AD9856 CMOS 200 MHz Quadrature Digital Upconverter-17

For continuous-mode input timing, the TxENABLE pin can be thought of as a data input clock running at half the input sample rate (f > W /2). In addition to synchronization, for contin-uous mode timing, the TxENABLE input indicates whether an I or Q input is being presented to the D<11:0> pins. It is intended that data is presented in alternating fashion such that I data is followed by Q data. Stated another way, the TxENABLE pin should maintain approximately a 50/50 duty cycle. As in burst mode, the rising edge of TxENABLE synchronizes the AD9856 to the input data rate and the data is registered...

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AD9856 CMOS 200 MHz Quadrature Digital Upconverter-26

load that the AD9856 sees for signals within the filter pass band. For example, a 50 Ω terminated input/output low-pass filter looks like a 25 Ω load to the AD9856. The output compliance voltage of the AD9856 is −0.5 V to +1.5 V. Any signal developed at the DAC output should not exceed +1.5 V, otherwise, signal distortion results. Furthermore, the signal may extend below ground as much as 0.5 V without damage or signal distortion. The use of a transformer with a grounded center tap for common-mode rejection results in signals at the AD9856 DAC output pins that are symmetrical about ground. As...

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AD9856 CMOS 200 MHz Quadrature Digital Upconverter-27

INSTRUCTION CYCLEDATA TRANSFER CYCLESCLKCSI SDIO I > 7 6 I > 5 I > 4 I > 3 I > 2 I > 1 I > D > 7 D > 6 D > 5 D > 4 D > 3 D > 2 D > 1 D > > 00637-C-044 INSTRUCTION CYCLEDATA TRANSFER CYCLESCL CSI K SDIO I > 7 6 I > 5 I > 4 I > 3 I > 2 I > 1 I > D > O7 D > O6 D > O5 D > O4 D > O3 D > O2 D > O1 D > O0 00637-C-047

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