TECHNICAL PAPER High Strength Glass Fibers Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Glass Fiber Chemical Compositions . . .2 Glass Fiber Properties . . . . . . . . . . .3 – Physical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . .3 – Chemical Resistance . . . . . . . . . . .3 – Electrical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . .3 – Thermal Properties . . . . . . . . . . . .4 – Optical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 – Radiation Properties . . . . . . . . . . .5 Glass Fiber Size Treatments . . . . . . . .5 Fiber Composite Utility . . . . . . . . . . .5 – Composite Properties . . . . . . . . . .5 – Environmental Durability . . . . . . . . .5 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Table 1 Composition Ranges for Glass Fibers . . . . . . . . .7 Table 2 Properties of Glass Fibers -Physical Properties . . . . . . .7 Table 3 Properties of Glass Fibers -Chemical, Electrical and Thermal Properties . . .8 Table 4 Glass Fiber Size Chemistry Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Table 5 S-2 Glass® Fiber Unidirectional Epoxy Composite Properties .9 Figure 1 Continuous Glass Fiber Manufacturing Process . . .10 Figure 2 Fiber Strength at Temperature . . . . . . . . . .10 Figure 3 Fiber Weight Retention vs. pH Exposure . . . . . . . .10 Figure 4 Fiber Strength vs. pH Exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Figure 5 Glass Viscosity vs. Temperature . . . . . . . . . .11 Figure 6 Thermal Expansion vs. Volume In Epoxy . . . . . . . .11 Figure 7 Dielectric vs. Fiber Volume In Epoxy . . . . . . . .11 Figure 8 Environmental Stress Rupture In Epoxy . . . . . . . .11 Figure 9 Environmental Stress Rupture In Epoxy . . . . . . . .11

High Strength Glass Fibers Authors In 1996 this paper was written in collaboration with David Hartman, Mark E. Greenwood, and David M. Miller who were employed at the time by Owens Corning Corp. Mr. Hartman received his degree in chemistry from David Lipscomb University and an M.S. degree in chemistry from Georgia Institute of Technology with emphasis in textile and plastic engineering. Mr. Greenwood received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Civil Engineering from Purdue University, with an emphasis in structural design. Dr. Miller received his Bachelor’s, Master’s, and Ph.D. degrees in Ceramic Engineering...

oxide components and their weight ranges for eight types of commercial glass fibers [1-6]. 3. Glass Fiber Properties Glass fiber properties, such as tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and chemical durability, are measured on the fibers directly. Other properties, such as dielectric constant, dissipation factor, dielectric strength, volume/surface resistivities, and thermal expansion, are measured on glass that has been formed into a bulk sample and annealed (heat treated) to relieve forming stresses. Properties such as density and refractive index are measured on both fibers and bulk samples,...

of the material to store an electrical charge. Permittivity values are affected by test frequency, temperature, voltage, relative humidity, water immersion, and weathering. The dissipation factor of a dielectric is the ratio of the parallel reactance to the parallel resistance, or the tangent of the loss angle, which is usually called the loss tangent. It is also the reciprocal of the quality factor, and when the values are small, tangent of the loss angle is essentially equal to the power factor, or sine of the loss angle. The power factor is the ratio of power in watts dissipated in the dielectric...

glass [20]. Using this calculation, it is found that the approximate thermal conductivity of C Glass is 1.1 W/mK, E Glass is 1.3 W/m•K, and S-2 Glass fibers is 1.45 W/m•K near room temperature. 3.5 Optical Properties – Refractive index is measured on either unannealed or annealed glass fibers. The standard oil immersion techniques are used with monochromatic sodium D light at 25°C. In general, the corresponding annealed glass will exhibit an index that will range from approximately 0.003 to 0.006 higher than the as-formed glass fibers given in Table 2. 3.6 Radiation Properties – E Glass and S-2...

hydroxide solution with a pH of 13. For reference, the initial tensile strength of the composite rod was 2070 MPa. The stress rupture behavior of an S-2 Glass fibers/ epoxy rod in this test indicates a long-term stress capability of 65% of the initial ultimate tensile stress. As expected, the stress rupture behavior of the composite material is affected by the presence of the environment. The long-term stress capability of this material in the high pH environment is roughly 50% of the initial ultimate tensile strength. A second test series compared the stress rupture performance of E glass and...

Figure 1 Continuous Glass Fiber Manufacturing Process Figure 2 Fiber Strength at Temperature Figure 3 Fiber Weight Retention VS pH Exposure

Tensile Strength (ksi) Viscosity (Poise) pH Buffer (24 hour at 205 °F Exposure) Temperature (°F) Coef Thermal Expansion (10 6/°C) Fiber Volume Fraction Dielectric Constant Fiber Volume Fraction Time to Failure (hours) Time to Failure (hours)

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