FLAME ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY Method Development ePrimer

> Search entire document CONTENTS 1. Introduction Agilent's Flame AA instruments Fast Sequential AA PROMT Accessories AA Supplies 2. Standard Conditions Ag (Silver) Al (Aluminium) As (Arsenic) Au (Gold) B (Boron) Ba (Barium) Be (Beryllium) Bi (Bismuth) Ca (Calcium) Cd (Cadmium) Co (Cobalt) Cr (Chromium) Cs (Cesium) Cu (Copper) Dy (Dysprosium) Er (Erbium) Eu (Europium) Fe (Iron) Ga (Gallium) Gd (Gadolinium) Ge (Germanium) Hf (Hafnium) Hg (Mercury) Ho (Holmium) In (Indium) Ir (Iridium) K (Potassium) La (Lanthanum) Li (Lithium) Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method Development ePrimer

AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES > Search entire document 3. Standard Conditions (Indirect Methods) Chloride, Cl Environmental 55 Food & Agriculture Chemical 63 Industrial 66 Minerals 72 Metallurgy 83 Petroleum 100 Safety Notices General References Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method Development ePrimer

AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES > Return to table of contents > Search entire document 1. INTRODUCTION Agilent's Flame AA instruments 4 Agilent's Flame AA instruments Agilent offers a range of different Flame AA instruments, all designed to be productive, user-friendly and reliable. The instruments deliver the high performance that analysts require, while being equally at home in routine laboratories where reliability and simple operation are vital. The range includes: • 55B—ideal for any laboratory requiring an entry level AA system with advanced capabilities. The double-beam 55B AA features an LCD...

> Return to table of contents > Search entire document AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES How Fast Sequential Mode Works Fast Sequential mode Using Fast Sequential mode, samples are only aspirated once, with all elements being measured before the next sample is aspirated. Sample 1 Uptake Delay Sample 2 Uptake Delay Sample 3 Uptake Delay Conventional mode Conventional AA determines only one element from each sample aspiration, so samples are analyzed time and time again during a multi-element sequence. Sample 1 Uptake Delay Sample 1 Uptake Delay Analysis Sample 2 Uptake Delay Sample 1 Uptake Delay Analysis...

> Return to table of contents > Search entire document AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES PROMT mode for even more productivity Extending capabilities and automating with accessories In addition to Fast Sequential mode, Agilent’s Flame AA spectrometers feature a PRecision Optimized Measurement Time (PROMT) mode that allows the operator to set the level of precision (%RSD) they want for sample results, further accelerating analysis. This optimizes the sample read time, with high concentration elements requiring less read time than low concentration elements to achieve the same level of precision. Agilent provides...

> Return to table of contents > Search entire document AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES Agilent offers a range of AA supplies that are manufactured to stringent specifications and rigorously tested to ensure the highest performance. The range includes: • Nebulizers & glass impact beads • Tubing CONTINUOUS FLOW PERISTALTIC PUMP • O-rings • Mixing paddles BULK DILUENT The dual-pump SIPS 20 can perform dilutions and add modifer or standard additions by controlling the speeds of the two pumps. Slowing down the sample pump will draw less sample into the flow of diluent, effectively diluting the sample. The right...

AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES > Return to table of contents > Search entire document All of Agilent’s standards are manufactured in an ISO 9001 Guide 34 facility and certified in an ISO/IEC 17025 testing laboratory. Every inorganic standard is manufactured using high-purity raw materials, high-purity acids, and 18M Ohm de-ionized water, which are regularly tested in accordance with NIST guidelines. All Agilent spectroscopy Certifed Reference Materials (CRMs) are certified using the high performance spectroscopy protocols developed by the NIST to provide direct traceability to the NIST standards. All Agilent...

AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES > Return to table of contents > Search entire document General This primer is intended as a guide to analysts in the selection of techniques and instrument settings for practical flame spectroscopy. Although the techniques and settings quoted will give satisfactory results for the majority of determinations, it is impossible in the space of this primer to provide for all contingencies. Consequently, where analytical circumstances differ appreciably from those indicated in the primer, appropriate changes in operating conditions may be required. Throughout the primer, emphasis...

AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES > Return to table of contents > Search entire document Atomic Absorption Working Conditions (Fixed) Fuel acetylene Support air Flame stoichiometry oxidizing Working Conditions (Fixed) Lamp current 10 mA Fuel acetylene Support nitrous oxide Flame stoichiometry reducing; red cone 1-2 cm high Working Conditions (Variable) Flame Emission Wavelength Slit width Fuel Support Flame stoichiometry (Note 1) Burner height (Note 1) Flame Emission Wavelength Slit width Fuel Support Interferences No chemical interferences have been observed in air-acetylene flames....

AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES > Return to table of contents > Search entire document Enhancement also occurs with the following elements: These interferences are dependent on flame conditions and burner height(1). A fuel rich flame (red cone 1.5-2 cm) decreases the effect. Silicon depresses aluminium absorbance by the formation of an undissociated refractory complex(2, 3). Addition of lanthanum can minimize the effect of silicon, calcium and phosphate on aluminium. Interference effects can be minimized by matching the sample and standard solutions with respect to the major matrix elements in the sample....

AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES > Return to table of contents > Search entire document Working Conditions (Variable) References 1. Smith, K.E. and Frank, C.W., Appl. Spectr., 22, (6), 765 (1968). 2. Hwang, J.Y. and Sandonato, L.M., Anal. Chem., 42, (7), 744 (1970). 3. Kirkbright, G.F. and Ranson, L., Anal. Chem., 43, (10), 1238 (1971). 6. Agilent Instruments At Work, No. AA-38. Au (Gold) A.W. 197.0 Recommended Instrument Parameters Atomic Absorption Working Conditions (Fixed) Fuel acetylene Support air Flame stoichiometry oxidizing Flame Emission Wavelength Slit width Fuel Support Interferences...