Standard ISO 534EN 20534 TAPPIT 411 impac t tester. This instrument canbe used stand-alone or connected to a computer. Since the penetration test with a pendulum has several weaknesses, (oscillation of the pendulum, no linear Material paper, board Zwick-Item-No Thickness measurement Pa per thickness is measured forvarious reasons: The stiffness of paper and carton are depen thickness gaugeW070550.00.00 movement, noconstant test speed, high measured values deviation, poor handling), Zwick offers an alternative test with a material testing machine. Standard ISO 3034TAPPIT 411 dent on the thickness.Therefore, an exact thickness measurement is critical in the stiffness of a carton and process- ability in a packing or printing machine. If the weight per unit area and thickness of a paper is known, the weight-referenced volume canbe calculated. This is important forthe transportation of larger amounts as well as for the processing of these materials.Digital thickness measuringinstruments, which work correctly to Standards and pass their values on to subsequent systems, save time and ensure secure data (Fig. 23). Material corrugated board Zwick-Item-No thickness gaugeW070540.00.00 With the linear motion penetration test (LPET), the penetration pyramid is pressed through the specimen in an even movement (Fig. 24 and 26). The pyramid is driven and controlled by a testing machine. The force-path curve (Fig. 25) is acquired by the electronics. The result is the energy required for penetration, which is similar to the pendulum impact test.The standard deviation of thedata due to testing machines issignificantly better than that froma PET pendulum (Fig. 27 and 28). On a lot of materials, the correlation between a PET pendulum and theLPET method is very close. It is neverthe less recommended to individually check and measure the correlation of different materials. The advantages: •Pressure foot area, loadingweight and lowering speed are available for all normal standards .•Individual and seriesmeasurements are possible.•PC-connection via built inRS 232 interface. The penetration test The quality of a corrugated boardbox is not only dependent on the stiffness of the material in just the machine or cross directions. During the penetration test, the material is loaded in all directions due to the pyramid formed penetrator. Therefore, the tensile, compression, bending, and shear forces, appear simultaneously. The result of this test is the energy absorbed during penetration of the material. According to recent standards, thistest is performed with a pendulum Standard ISO 3036TAPPIT 803 Material corrugated boardcardboard Zwick-Item-No pendulum testeron request for specimens width300 mm length300 mm
Fig. 23: Thickness gauge for corrugated board Fig. 24: LPET-Test in a testing machine 16