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Heater Selection Matrix
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Heating: Gases continued
Typical Maximum Watt Densities
W/in2 (W/cm2)
Heater
Sheath Materials
Maximum Operating Temperatures
°F (°C)
Catalog Page
Application Description
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Type
Ceramic
Used to construct chambers and industrial furnaces through which
30
(4.6)
2200
(i205)
141
Fiber
gases are passed. Heaters function as high temperature
radiant heaters surrounding transfer pipes or other
special vessels.
Flexible
Applied to the surface of a pipe or vessel containing gases.
Kapton®
5
(0.8)
390
(200)
189
Well suited for curved surfaces and irregular shaped
Neoprene
2
(0.3)
250
(i20)
191
objects. Excellent for use in enclosures.
Silicone Rubber
5
(0.8)
500
(260)
169
Multicell
Multiple elements placed in a duct or vessel through
Inconel®
(9.3)
2i00
(ii50)
195
which gases pass. Designs also available to heat pass
Incoloy®
tube externally to isolate gas from the element. Excellent
for use in high temperature/high pressure applications.
Strip
Generally modified with the addition of fins to increase
Aluminized Steel with
surface area. Commonly used for air heating, drying
refractory insulation
(9.3)
i200
(650)
ovens and space heaters.
Stainless Steel with
mica insulation
^H20
(3)
i000
(540)
Stainless Steel with
mineral insulation
^Hioo®
(i5.5)
i400
(760)
Zinc-coated Steel
with mica insulation
(3)
900
(480)
233
Tubular
Multiple elements mounted in an array and placed in a
Flat: Incoloy®
30
(4.6)
i400
(760)
299
duct or vessel through which gases pass. Flat tubular
Stainless Steel
30
(4.6)
i200
(650)
299
elements can be modified with the addition of fins to
Round: Incoloy®
30
(4.6)
i600
(870)
273
increase surface area.
Inconel®
30
(4.6)
i800
(980)
© Per application
© These are typical maximum watt densities. Ambient temperature and flow will determine recommended watt density.
Heating: Vacuums
Typical Maximum Watt Densities
W/in2 (W/cm2)
Sheath Materials
Maximum Operating Temperatures
°F (°C)
Catalog Page
Application Description
Band
Clamped to cylindrical surfaces. Sealed heater construction with special lead end industrial seal.
Stainless Steel with mineral insulation
30-100 (4.6-15.5)©
1400
(760)
23
Cable
Wound into a coil or sinuated and mounted in a vacuum vessel for radiant energy transfer.
Inconel® or Stainless Steel
30
(4.6)
1200
(650)
57
Cartridge
Mounted in a vacuum vessel for radiant energy transfer.
Inc oloy® Stainless Steel
■up to 35© |up to 35©
(5.4) (5.4)
1600 1000
(870)
(540)
75 75
Cast-in
Construction of a vacuum vessel with cast-in heaters so that interior surface acts as a radiant heater. Possible zoned interior surface.
Aluminum
60
(9.3)
700
(370)
135
Ceramic Fiber
Surround the exterior of a vacuum vessel, using radiant energy for heat transfer.
Molded Ceramic Fiber
30
(4.6)
2200
(1205)
141
Flexible
Applied to the exterior surface of a pipe or vessel. Well suited for curved surfaces and irregular shaped objects. Note: Kapton is the only flexible heater type recommended for use in the vacuum.
Kapton® Neoprene Silicone Rubber
7
2 10
(1.1) (0.3) (1.6)
390
250 500
(200)
(120)
(260)
189
191 169
Multicell
Mounted in a vacuum vessel for radiant energy transfer.
Inconel® Stainless Steel©
^■60©
(9.3)
2250
(1230)
195
Radiant
Mounted in a vacuum vessel for radiant energy transfer.
Stainless Steel
30
(4.6)
1300
(700)
215
Tubular
Mounted in a vacuum vessel for radiant energy transfer.
Flat: Incoloy®
Stainless Steel Round: Incoloy®
Inconel®
30 30 30 30
(4.6) (4.6) (4.6) (4.6)
1400 1200 1600 1800
(760)
(650)
(870)
(980)
299 299 299
© Per application
© Non-magnetic stainless steel available.
7
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