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Application Guide
Some Material Emissivities/Metals—Ref. 10
Electric Data
Heat Loss Factors
and Graphs
Continued
Helpful Hint: The graphs for losses from uninsulated and insulated
surfaces are hard to read at low temperatures close to ambient. Here are two easy-to-use calculations that are only rule-of-thumb approximations when used within the limits noted.
Rule #1: Losses from an uninsulated
surface (with an emissivity close to 1.0): (This applies only to temper­atures between ambient and about 250°F)
Losses (W/in2) =
AT (°F) rise above ambient 200
Rule #2: Losses from an insulated
surface: (This insulation is assumed to be one inch thick and have a K-value of about 0.5 Btu-in/hr - ft2-°F. Use only for surfaces less than 800°F.)
Losses (W/in2) =
AT (°F) rise above ambient
950
Specific
Emissivity
Material
Heat
Polished
Medium
Heavy
Btu/lb-°F
Surface
Oxide
Oxide
Blackbody
0.75
1.00
Aluminum
0.24
0.09
0.11
0.22
Brass
0.10
0.04
0.35
0.60
Copper
0.10
0.04
0.03
0.65
Incoloy® 800
0.12
0.20
0.60
0.92
Inconel® 600
0.11
0.20
0.60
0.92
Iron, Cast
0.12
0.80
0.85
Lead, solid
0.03
0.28
Magnesium
0.23
Nickel 200
0.11
Nichrome, 80-20
0.11
Solder, 50-50
0.04
Steel
mild
0.12
0.10
0.75
0.85
stainless 304
0.11
0.17
0.57
0.85
stainless 430
0.11
0.17
0.57
0.85
Tin
0.056
Zinc
0.10
0.25
Some Material Emissivities/Non-Metals—Ref. 11
Specific
Material
Heat
Btu/lb-°F
Asbestos
0.25^H
Asphalt
0.40^H
Brickwork
0.22^H
Carbon
0.20^H
Most non-metals:
Glass
;:;.20ifal
0.90
Paper
0.45^H
Plastic
0.2-0.5^1
Rubber
0.40^H
Silicon Carbide
0.20-0.23M
Textiles
Wood, Oak
0.57^|
e
O i-*
(D
0) i-*
O
Additional information on emissivities is available from Watlow.
Incoloy® and Inconel® are registered trademarks of the Special Metals Corporation.
27
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page 10 p.10
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page 14 p.14
page 15 p.15
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page 19 p.19
page 20 p.20
page 21 p.21
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page 24 p.24
page 25 p.25
page 26 p.26
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page 37 p.37
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101-150
151-200
201-216