Group: SMC
Catalog excerpts
Precautionary measures against condensation in a pneumatic system (Phenomena, process, prediction and preventive measures) In a pneumatic system, temperature drops may cause internal condensation under certain piping and operating conditions, leading to malfunction and reduced life time due to deterioration and the washing out of grease. This brochure provides useful information on countermeasures and preventive actions to be taken in this regard. P-E01-11B
Open the catalog to page 1Contents Page 1. Condensation phenomenaȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵ 1 What is condensation in a pneumatic system? What kind of problems can it bring about? 2. Process of condensationȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵ 2 2-1 Adiabatic expansion 2-2 Process of condensation 3. Condensation assessmentȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵ 5 3-1 Condensation assessment chart 3-2 Condensation assessment program 4. Countermeasures against condensationȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵ 7 5. Supplementȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵȵ 9 Dew point...
Open the catalog to page 31. Condensation phenomena Ȝ What is condensation in a pneumatic system? In a pneumatic system, waterdrops sometimes form inside piping, affecting operation and the life of equipment. For this reason, compressed air is usually dehumidified with an air dryer before being supplied to the system. However, due to increasing demand for smaller, faster equipment, even the use of dehumidified air may result in condensation and consequent failure when a small actuator is used. Photo 1 shows condensation occurring inside a piping, and Photo 2 shows the dripping of condensation in a cylinder. Water...
Open the catalog to page 42. Process of condensation The following is an example of a small cylinder drive system illustrating a condition under which condensation occurs inside a piping. 2-1 Adiabatic expansion Results of temperature measurement inside the piping Tl = (Ts+273) x ( 0.1 Ps+0.1 ) 0.286 –273 When the air at 27°C and 0.5 MPa undergoes adiabatic expansion to atmospheric pressure, theoretically the temperature will drop to nearly –93°C. Actual temperature measurements inside the piping in the right chart show that the temperature dropped to approximately –80°C. Temperature of supplied air: 20°C Gauge...
Open the catalog to page 5[Temperature drop -» Mist formation] The solenoid valve is switched and air inside the piping is instantly released. Then, the pressure inside the piping is reduced suddenly (adiabatic expansion), causing the temperature to drop. If the atmospheric dew point of the supply air is Tt (°C), and the temperature drop of the air Ti (°C) after adiabatic expansion falls below this value (77 < Tt), then mist formation occurs. Mist formation Cylinder Piping (tube) Solenoid Exhaust [Mist evaporation and small amount of residual mist] Most of the mist is discharged through evaporation by the...
Open the catalog to page 6[Volume of the piping is large (long piping) —> Mist accumulation] When the cylinder is small and the piping is long (that is, the volume of the piping is larger than that of the cylinder), air inside the cylinder cannot be exhausted at the time of release and remains inside the piping. Mist cannot be exhausted Piping (tube) Solenoid Exhaust If the volume of the piping is smaller than the volume of the cylinder, the mist will be exhausted with the exhausted air as shown in the figure below, and the mist will not accumulate inside the piping. As the cylinder cycles, the mist accumulating...
Open the catalog to page 7The probability of condensation is influenced mainly by the volume ratio, humidity and pressure of the supply air, etc. The following chart and program are provided for assessing more specific cases. 3-1 Condensation assessment chart I [condition] Switching intervals of solenoid valve: ON 1 sec, OFF 1 sec. Piping tube material: Polyurethane Range in which condensation occurs Range in which condensation does not occur Enlarged chart
Open the catalog to page 8How to use the chart (Refer to page 5) (1) Find the atmospheric dew point of inlet air ©. When the humidity of inlet air can be considered as relative humidity or a pressure dew point, the atmospheric dew point can be found according to the humidity conversion chart in "Humidity and conversion" page 10 of the supplement. (2) Find the volume ratio Kv ®. Find the volume ratio from the following equation for a volume ratio. Vt: Volume inside the piping [cm3] Ps : Gage pressure of supplied air [MPa] (3) Assess the probability of condensation. Extend lines from © to (?) and from © to © to find...
Open the catalog to page 9ketro-B-P07.qxd 10.12.27 1:31 PM Page 1 4. Countermeasures against condensation Based on the above-mentioned condensation example, the following preventive measures can be implemented. Ȝ Countermeasures against air quality Compressed air containing a large amount of moisture condenses easily and may cause the pneumatic equipment to malfunction. Therefore, it is recommended to install an air dryer before pneumatic equipment, based on the results of the Condensation Assessment Chart or the SMC Model Selection Software. For selecting the air dryer, refer to the SMC Pneumatic Energy Saving...
Open the catalog to page 10© By-pass circuit method Sufficient exchange of air can be achieved by providing one-way air supply and exhaust circuits with check valves and by-pass piping. By-pass piping installation position Li: it should be smaller than -g— x —QT~ and be installed as close to the cylinder as possible. Length of by-pass piping L2: approx. 20% of the total length of L Solenoid valve Check valve Sp : Piping cross-sectional area [mm2] Check Valve with One-touch Fitting Straight type (D Quick exhaust valve method Install quick exhaust valves close to the cylinder to exhaust air inside the cylinder directly...
Open the catalog to page 11The content of vapor in air is represented by the humidity or dew point. Absolute humidity : The mass ratio of vapor to dry air Relative humidity : The mass ratio of vapor to amount of saturated vapor Atmospheric pressure dew point : Temperature at which vapor reaches saturation when air is cooled under atmospheric pressure. Pressure dew point: Temperature at which vapor reaches saturation when air is cooled under fixed pressure. Humidity conversion diagram Relative humidity % How to use the humidity conversion chart Top-left chart: Top-right chart: Used for conversion between relative...
Open the catalog to page 13All SMC PNEUMATIC catalogs and technical brochures
-
SYJ300/500/700 Series
62 Pages
-
Vacuum Unit ZK2 Series
60 Pages
-
Air Cylinder CJ2 Series
117 Pages
-
AS-FS Series
36 Pages
-
IDF series
12 Pages
-
MHL2 Series
24 Pages
-
JCM Serie
18 Pages
-
EX245 Series
12 Pages
-
Pin Cylinder CJP2/CDJP2/CJP
19 Pages
-
5 Port Solenoid Valve VQC
63 Pages
-
5 Port Solenoid Valve VQ
79 Pages
-
SY
268 Pages
-
5-p0979-0980-hep500
2 Pages
-
5-p0977-0978-aep100
2 Pages
-
5-p0966-0971-lmu
5 Pages
-
5-p0960-0966-alb900
6 Pages
-
5-p0956-0960-ald600
5 Pages
-
5-p0948-0950-al800
3 Pages
-
es70-44c-vx2
52 Pages
-
es50-37-kq2
124 Pages
-
ex-pcw
23 Pages
-
1-p2124-2152-ex510
29 Pages
-
1-p2111-2122-ex500
12 Pages
-
1-p2063-2073-ex260
11 Pages
-
4-p0147-0178-msu-mds
32 Pages
-
es20-230b-crb2
59 Pages
-
1-p1869-1878-vp3145
10 Pages
-
VP300/500/700 series
42 Pages
-
1-p1789-1829-vqz100
41 Pages
-
1-p1727-1788-syj300
62 Pages
-
5 Port Solenoid Valve S0700
111 Pages
-
5 Port Solenoid Valve VF
59 Pages
-
5 Port Solenoid Valve SV
127 Pages
-
VH
9 Pages
-
CUJ
41 Pages
-
AL
3 Pages
-
kj mm
9 Pages
-
AQ
4 Pages
-
SY3000/5000-X13
2 Pages
-
Series MB
24 Pages
-
Series LES
23 Pages
-
Series LEFB
16 Pages
-
Series PF3W
28 Pages
-
Series IDG?A/IDG
56 Pages
-
Floating Joint
7 Pages
-
Series IZS40/41/42
32 Pages
-
Series LEY
7 Pages
-
Series VHS
12 Pages
-
Series CY1S
28 Pages
-
SeriesCQ2/CQS/CQ
4 Pages
-
In-line Air Filter
12 Pages
-
5 Port Solenoid Valve
60 Pages
-
Series CQ2/CQS
2 Pages
-
AS series
2 Pages
-
corporate guide
13 Pages
-
ZP
69 Pages
-
ZFA
14 Pages
-
ZA
13 Pages
-
MHF
32 Pages
-
MHZ
68 Pages
-
CRB
44 Pages
-
D
117 Pages
-
RB
23 Pages
-
CEP
44 Pages
-
RSK
30 Pages
-
CLK
51 Pages
-
MK
20 Pages
-
GLJ
65 Pages
-
MGJ
7 Pages
-
Mx
36 Pages
-
MXH
18 Pages
-
My3
56 Pages
-
my1b
20 Pages
-
CC
15 Pages
-
J
14 Pages
-
CQ2
51 Pages
-
standard cylinder
84 Pages
-
VFN
6 Pages
-
SY3000
246 Pages
-
SJ3A6
18 Pages
-
1301/IW
14 Pages
-
CHQ/CHDQ
19 Pages
-
AC
95 Pages
-
HAW
4 Pages
-
HAA
3 Pages
-
ZB
24 Pages
-
CRB2
35 Pages
-
CJ1
5 Pages
-
SYJ
62 Pages
-
SJ
78 Pages