ff. in the“Tutorial: Piezoelectrics inPositioning” section. D3 Push/Pull Force Capacity(in operating direction) Limited by the PZT ceramicmaterial and preload. If larger forces are applied, damage to the PZT ceramics or the sensor can occur. The force limit mustbe considered in dynamicapplications, too. Example: the dynamic forcesgenerated by sinusoidal opera- tion at 1000 Hz, 2 µm peak-peak, 1 kg moved mass areapproximately ±40 N. For details see page 4-24in the “Tutorial: Piezoelectrics in Positioning” section. D6 Torque Limit (at tip) Maximum torque that can beapplied to the tip before dam- age occurs. Limited by the PZT ceramics and the case design.Use wrench flats where avail-able to apply counter-torque during mounting. For details see page 1-48. F1 Electrical Capacitance The PZT capacitance valuesindicated in the technical data tables are small-signal values (measured at 1 V, 1000 Hz, 20 °C, no load); large-signalvalues at room temperature are 30 to 50% higher. The capacitance of PZT ceramics changes with amplitude, tem- perature, and load, up to approximately 200% of theunloaded, small-signal capaci-tance at room temperature. For detailed information on power requirements, refer to the amplifier frequency response graphs in the “Piezo Drivers & ff. in “Tutorial: Piezoelec-trics in Positioning” section. ), measured with the E-507amplifier module in E-500/501chassis. Slightly increased noise is seen with the E-420 amplifier module. C2 Resolution ), measured with the E-503amplifier module in E-500/501 chassis. Slightly increased noise is seen with the E-505 amplifier module. C1 Resolution Resolution of piezo actuators isbasically infinitesimal because it is not limited by stiction andfriction (different from motor-ized positioning equipment!). Instead of resolution, the noise equivalent motion is specified. Values are typical results (RMS, 1 Resolution of piezo actuators isbasically infinitesimal because it is not limited by stiction and friction (different from motor- ized positioning equipment!). Instead of resolution, the noise equivalent motion is specified.Values are typical results (RMS,1 D1 Static Large-SignalStiffness Calculated based on theYoung’s modulus of the PZT ceramics material. Dynamic small-signal stiffness differssignificantly because of effectscaused by the active nature of piezo material, compound effects, etc. For details see page 4-21in the “Tutorial: Piezoelectrics in Positioning” section.In most applications, PZTtranslators are employed to produce displacement. If used in a restraint, they can gener-ate forces. Force generation isalways coupled with a reduc- tion in displacement. The max-imum force (blocked force) a piezo actuator can generate equals its stiffness times maxi- mum displacement. For details see page 4-22

Notes (Technical Data)

A2 Open-Loop Travel @ 0 to 100 V Typical open-loop travel at 0 to100 V operating voltage. Max. operating voltage range is -20to +120 V, short term only. A4 Open-Loop Travel @ 0 to -1000 V Typical open-loop travel at 0 to-1000 V operating voltage.Translators with a max. operat- ing voltage of -1000 V should not be operated in excess of -750 V for long durations. Operation in the range of +200 to -750 V is recommended formaximum lifetime. A5 Closed-Loop Travel Travel provided in closed-loopoperation. Most PI LVPZTamplifiers have an output volt- age range of -20 to +120 V to provide enough margin for the controller to compensate for load changes etc. A6 Closed-Loop Travel Travel provided in closed-loopoperation. Most PI HVPZTamplifiers have an output volt-age range of -3 to -1100 V to provide enough margin for the controller to compensate for load changes etc. A7 Max. Operating Voltage Translators with a maximumnegative operating voltage of -1000 V should not be operatedat voltages in excess of -750 Vfor long durations. Operation in the range of +200 to -750 V is recommended (in closed-loop mode) for maximum lifetime. Translators with a max. operat- ing voltage of -1500 V shouldnot be operated at voltages inexcess of -1000 V for long dura- tions. B Integrated Feedback Sensor Absolute-measuring capacitiveand strain gauge sensors (SGS) are used to provide posi-tion information to the con-troller. For details see page 4-19
© PI 1998-2005. Subject to change w/o notice. Cat 118 05/09.17 1-46