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6.2.2.4 Cargo Aircraft limitations If the “excepted quantities” provisions or the “limited quantities” exemption cannot be met, for the transportation of higher quantities of ultracapacitors by cargo aircraft only (again assuming packing group II applies), the packing instruction for the shipment of both “acetonitrile” is instruction “307.” See Attachment D (IATA Instruction 307). That instruction provides the following: All of the General Packing Requirements, discussed above, must be met. The maximum amount of AN in any aluminum inner packaging (ultracapacitor) is 10.0 liters; the maximum amount in the outer packaging is 60.0 liters. The aluminum casing of the ultracapacitor must meet IP3A packaging requirements (described in the limited quantities exemption discussion above). The outer packaging must meet UN specification packaging requirements and may be any of the types listed at the bottom of Attachment D, including fiberboard boxes stamped as “4G”. Those packaging must meet the test requirements of Section 5.0.2, which are generally performed by the packaging manufacturer. See IATA Sections 5.3 (307) and 6.1.3. This packaging may not be shipped on passenger aircraft. For additional information regarding packaging and shipping of ultracapacitor products please contact Maxwell Technologies.
2 It is possible to utilize approximately 75% of the available energy if the application utilizes from the rated voltage to ½ rated voltage of the capacitor. Design Considerations 7.2 Ambient Temperature This section offers additional considerations and descriptions for designing around specific needs. Another advantage of the organic based electrolyte is its low freezing point. This enables the ultracapacitors to be utilized over a wide range of temperatures. The advantages are especially noticeable at lower temperatures. The ultracapacitor performance is relatively unaffected by temperature. Since the charge storage is not a chemical reaction, the capacitance is very stable over the entire operating temperature range of the capacitors. The capacitor resistance is affected by the ion mobility within electrolyte. Thus as the temperature drops closer to the freezing point of the electrolyte, the ion mobility decreases resulting in higher resistance. A generic plot of the capacitance and resistance as a function of temperature is provided in Figure 3. 7.1 Voltage Ultracapacitors are capable of operating between its rated voltage and zero volts. The rated voltage is determined by the electrochemical stability of the dielectrics internal to the capacitor. Ultracapacitors manufactured by Maxwell Technologies utilize an organic electrolyte. An advantage of an organic electrolyte over an aqueous electrolyte is a much higher operating voltage. If a capacitor is operated above its rated voltage whether it is an aqueous of organic based electrolyte, the electrolyte will evolve gas. Once the voltage level is lowered below its rated voltage, gas evolution subsides. Thus, occasional spikes above the rated voltage will not immediately affect the capacitor. Depending on the frequency and duration of the voltage spikes the capacitor life will be reduced. Efficient utilization of the available energy and power storage is achieved with the widest operating voltage range use. Most electronics have a minimum voltage threshold for utilization, limiting the effective utilization voltage of the capacitor although there is no limitation in the capacitor itself. Since the energy in the capacitor is proportional to the voltage squared according to the following equation: E = ½ C V 7

BOOSTCAP® Product Guide - 16729 -19 -

PRODUCT GUIDE 1.2